Occupational hazards and electricity safety knowledge

I. Review of Occupational Hazards and Protection Knowledge

1.Personal protective equipment is an auxiliary measure to protect the safety and health of employees. It is not a welfare measure for everyone. It must be issued and collected according to regulations. All units must strive to innovate and transform their processes and equipment, improve labor conditions as soon as possible, and ensure fundamental solutions to safety issues.

2. Protective equipment must be used correctly. For example, a female worker's cap protects a female worker from being stranded by the machine; protective gloves protect the hand from burns, scalds, stabs, and hands; protective clothing prevents the danger of burning, stabbing, abrasion, squaring, and the like. According to the operational requirements, workers must bring good protective equipment before they can enter production posts. They must not refuse to wear protective equipment for any reason.

3. The current labor protection products of enterprises include: gloves, protective glasses, work clothes, insulated shoes, anti-smashing shoes, dust masks, and gas masks .

4. All departments receive labor insurance supplies, need to standardize management, establish and improve the issuance of accounts, strictly according to the standard.

5. The application for additional labor insurance supplies for special posts needs to be submitted in advance and approved by the technical department. The requirements department shall apply in writing and be executed after being reviewed and approved by the safety management department.

6. It is forbidden to transfer labor insurance products for other purposes.

7. When workers leave the company, they must return the work clothes.

8. Employees who have opinions on the issuance of labor protection products may report back to the safety management department, and the competent department shall reply or resolve it after it is implemented on site.

two) Typical examples

Combining relevant laws and regulations with case warnings for employees in the entire class, the branches, departments, and directly-affiliated workshops will organize the information weekly and disseminate them to relevant teams according to the requirements of the Ministry of Safety and Supervision.

c) Professional safety knowledge comment:

According to the safety management requirements for hazardous equipment and facilities used in the team, each team has targeted comments.

Second, electricity safety knowledge

Suitable for contact with electrical facilities

1. The type of electric shock:

A. Electric shock:

a. Direct contact with electric shock: Touch the charged live body under normal condition.

b. Indirect contact with electric shock: Touch live parts that are not energized under normal conditions and are accidentally energized under fault conditions.

Single shock: People occupy the ground and are in contact with the front line. (can be direct or indirect)

Two-wire shock: People are isolated from the ground and touch each other. (can be direct or indirect; can be two-phase or single-phase)

c. Step voltage shock:

B. Electrical injuries: Arc burns, current burns, skin metallization, electrical and mechanical injuries.

2. Electric shock protection:

The basic principle of protection - the dangerous live body should not be intentionally or unintentionally touched.

Basic protective measures - insulation, screen protection and spacing

Indirect contact with electric shock protection: protection grounding, protection of zero, reinforced insulation, electrical isolation, non-conductive environment, equipotential bonding, safety voltage, leakage protection.

3. Safe voltage rating: 42V , 36V , 24V , 12V and 6V .

The main sources of safety power include: a. Safety isolating transformers; b. Storage batteries and diesel generators that are independently powered ; c. Electronic device power supplies that ensure that the voltage at the output terminals does not exceed the extra-low voltage even in the event of a fault .

4. Selection of leakage protection device:

For direct contact with electric shock protection: High-sensitivity, fast type with a rated operating current of 30mA or less should be used .

5. The place where the leakage protection device needs to be installed:

Sites with high requirements for electric shock and fire protection and all types of low-voltage electrical equipment and outlets for new, modified or expanded projects shall be equipped with leakage protection devices.

6. The place where the leakage protection device must be installed:

6.1 Electric equipment for construction sites and temporary lines ;

6.2 Hand-held power tools (except Class III), mobile life appliances (except Class III), other mobile electromechanical equipment, and electrical equipment with high risk of electric shock, must install leakage protection device ;

6.3 Places with high humidity, high temperature, large metal occupancy coefficient, and other places with good conductivity, such as production and operation sites in the industries of machining, metallurgy, chemical engineering, shipbuilding, textiles, electronics, food processing, and brewing, and boiler rooms, pump rooms, etc. , cafeterias, bathrooms, hospitals and other ancillary places .

7. Sign of explosion-proof electrical equipment

The obvious place of the enclosure of the explosion-proof electrical equipment shall be provided with a clear permanent embossed mark. The “ Ex ” mark shall be clearly visible on the upper right of the equipment nameplate .

8. Electric fire fighting:

After discovering a fire, first try to cut off the power! Cut off the power should pay attention to the following points:

8.1 After a fire, due to moisture and smoke, the insulation capacity of the switchgear is reduced. Therefore, it is best to operate the switch with an insulating tool.

8.2 The breaker should be operated before the high voltage should be operated instead of disconnecting the switch firstly. The low voltage should be operated by the electromagnetic starter instead of the knife switch firstly to cut off the power, so as to avoid arc short circuit.

8.3 The location of the cut off power supply should be properly selected to prevent the fire extinguishing work after the power is cut off.

8.4 When cutting the wire, the wires of different phases should be cut at different locations to avoid short circuit. When cutting wires in the air, the cutting position should be selected near the support in the direction of the power supply to prevent the wire from cutting off after shearing, resulting in a short circuit to the ground and an electric shock.

9. Live fire extinguishing safety requirements:

9.1 Appropriate fire extinguishers should be selected according to site characteristics. The fire extinguishing agent of carbon dioxide fire extinguisher and dry powder fire extinguisher is non-conductive and can be used for extinguishing fire.

Extinguishing agents ( aqueous solutions ) for foam extinguishers should not be used for electrified extinguishing. (Because it has a certain degree of electrical conductivity, but also has an impact on the insulation of electrical equipment)

9.2 Spray guns should be used when extinguishing with a water gun . This type of gun has a small leakage current through the water column and is safe for live fire extinguishing. When extinguishing with a conventional direct-current water gun, to prevent the leakage current through the water column from passing through the human body, the nozzle of the water gun can be grounded (that is, the water gun can be buried in the grounding body, or connected to the ground network grounding plate, or connected to the thick copper wire network shoe cover ). The fire extinguisher can also wear insulated gloves, insulated boots or uniform pressure.

9.3 Keep the necessary safety distance between the human body and the charged body. When extinguishing with water, the distance between the nozzle of the water gun and the electrified body: The voltage of 10 kV and below shall not be less than 3 m .

10. What are the measures for safe electricity use :

10.1 Do not buy "three no" fake and shoddy electrical products.

10.2 The use of electrical appliances should have a complete and reliable power cord plug, and electrical protection must be provided for the metal enclosure.

10.3 Switches and fuses cannot be installed on the ground and neutral wires. It is forbidden to connect the grounding cable to tap water and gas pipelines.

10.4 Do not touch the live device with wet hands. Do not wipe the live device with a damp cloth.

10.5 Do not pull the cable and do not move the live device.

10.6 When checking and repairing home appliances, the power must be disconnected.

10.7 If the power cord of the appliance is damaged, replace it immediately or wrap it with an insulating cloth.

10.8 When a fire occurs in an appliance or wire, disconnect the power supply and then extinguish the fire.

The information in this article comes from the Internet and was reorganized and edited by China Rescue Equipment Network.

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