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Deng Jianke Wang Dechao L/S (dry basis) Static washing liquid composition (g/l) 4A Zeolite Product Indicator After Washing NT AO Nc Calcium exchange Burn off pH 0.9 35.10 0.9 7.15 305 21.02 10.84 1.2 30.74 1.5 9.86 305 21.05 10.82 1.0 31.22 1.55 7.82 311 20.73 10.84 1.3 29.47 1.65 7.55 307 21.33 10.92 1.4 32.39 1.5 7.35 305 21.11 10.94
Table 2 Chemical composition comparison table sample AO (%) Na2O (%) SiO2(%) Laboratory sample 28.00 15.28 33.08 Production workshop qualified products 28.40 15.28 34.22 PQ company sample 27.60 15.50 32.50 time Recycling lotion Delivery lotion Tape wash CO2 OK moisture Finished product PH Burn off Calcium exchange Day 1 of the experiment Nt Nc Nt Nt Grand total % 16:30 1.95 3.34 8.5 43.1 4885 28.44 10.9 20.34 303 18:30 5.85 9.5 8.55 43.65 4904 26.1 10.9 19.24 301 20:30 8.45 8.9 19.45 46.05 4910 25.31 22:30 7.9 13.8 20.45 35.65 4925 26.74 Day 2 of the experiment 00:30 7.45 13.1 13.7 32 4936 23.49 10.84 19.82 298 02:30 6.3 10.8 14.7 43.9 4945 23.62 04:30 10.4 13.2 14.85 44.5 4968 25.55 10.82 21.01 298 06:30 12.4 17.2 28.5 41.1 27.75 08:30 12.5 17.4 29.2 22.8 22.36 11:30 12.9 14.8 30.6 33 26.69 10.79 20.54 308 14:30 14.1 11.2 11.7 38.2 4998 21.8 17:30 16.05 12.1 17.6 39.9 27.26 10.84 20.46 309 20:30 5.32 3.74 17.48 39.9 29.91 10.98 20.72 310 23:30 8.72 3.24 19.42 41.5 20.61 11.03 20.65 306 Day 3 of the experiment 02:30 10.3 11.2 19.3 42.2 5043 11.01 20.15 310 05:30 10.2 14.8 32.2 42.15 5058 29.57 11.02 20.68 310 08:30 8.38 10.8 31.4 40.6 5064 25.74 10:30 11.26 8.8 25.28 5071 28.58 14:30 12.3 9.8 17.8 45.4 5079 23.33 10.83 20.28 310 17:30 7.12 6.2 23.62 49.1 5094 23.36 20:30 2.88 2.56 23.6 46.65 5115 29.27 23:30 8.75 6.1 20.3 44.1 5134 24.6 Day 4 of the experiment 02:30 13.05 10.3 21.8 45.7 5149 33.6 10.85 20.33 303 05:30 13.8 13.4 26.45 50.4 5174 29.32 10.82 20.78 307 08:30 14.4 13.4 27.85 44.2 5190 25.89 10.71 20.08 308 11:30 17.4 14.6 27.8 46.95 5208 21.24 10.80 20.59 310 14:30 18.6 14.4 37.9 41.6 5223 21.89 17:30 20.6 8.4 29.6 46.3 5237 23.59 10.81 20.23 307 20:30 7.9 4.9 28.7 42.2 18.86 10.86 20.79 308 23:30 1.9 1 20.8 30.5 23.56 10.84 20.85 310 Day 5 of the experiment 02:30 5.9 5.4 30.6 47.65 5292 20.64 10.86 20.79 308 05:30 7.2 6.04 21.95 45.1 22.64 10.84 20.85 310 08:30 8.6 6.3 17.80 45.5 5318 27.83 10.82 20.24 310 11:30 13.0 7.0 18.40 48.10 5330 20.82 14:30 14.75 6.9 26.8 48.95 18.97 10.87 20.26 306
Table 4 Record of Samples of 4A Zeolite Produced during Washing Water Test in Production Workshop Sample lot number Calcium exchange (mg/g) Burn off
(%) PH BaiDu
(%) Particle size D50, μm Al3+% ZP-026050147 309 20.32 11.00 98.0 2.58 18.21 ZP-026050148 309 20.41 10.99 97.9 2.63 18.22 ZP-026050149 309 19.98 11.01 98.2 2.54 18.20 ZP-026050150 308 20.13 11.01 98.2 2.49 18.19 ZP-026050151 309 20.74 10.97 98.1 2.77 18.21 ZP-026050152 308 20.57 10.97 98.0 2.80 18.18 ZP-026050153 309 20.74 10.96 98.0 2.60 18.20 ZP-026050155 309 20.74 10.97 98.0 2.61 18.21 ZP-026050154 309 20.46 10.95 98.1 2.64 18.22 ZP-026050156 309 20.48 10.95 98.1 2.72 18.20 ZP-026050157 308 20.61 10.95 98.0 2.57 18.18 ZP-026050158 309 20.43 10.96 98.1 2.48 18.22 ZP-026050159 308 20.31 10.96 98.1 2.83 18.20 ZP-026050160 309 20.92 10.94 98.0 2.74 18.23 ZP-026050161 308 20.66 10.94 98.0 2.74 18.19 ZP-026050162 309 20.80 10.98 98.0 2.80 18.22 ZP-026050163 309 20.73 10.97 98.1 2.76 18.23 ZP-026050164 309 20.63 10.98 98.0 2.60 18.21 ZP-026050165 308 20.47 10.99 98.0 2.53 18.19
Table 5 Production Table Unit Consumption Record Table During Industrial Experiment March 29 Water consumption Steam consumption Yield 5.04 0.98 242.54 March 30 Water consumption Steam consumption Yield 3.95
<, /TD> 0.74 275.7 March 31 Water consumption Steam consumption Yield 2.71 0.687 310
(1) As an artificial supplementary lighting, the lighting can be enhanced at any time from 5 in the morning to 23:00 in the evening, and the effective lighting time can be extended.
(2) Regardless of whether it is sunny, cloudy, or rainy, the light required by plants can be reasonably and effectively extended and scientifically controlled, as long as you have mastered this light supplement product and product application technology.
(3) In the greenhouse or plant laboratory, it can replace natural light to ensure healthy plant growth and promote better plant growth.
Light environment is one of the important physical environmental factors that are indispensable for plant growth and development. Through light quality regulation, controlling plant morphology is an important technology in the field of facility cultivation.
Application of LED in plant cultivation
As a fourth-generation new type of lighting source, LED has many characteristics that are different from other electric light sources, which also makes it the first choice for energy-saving and environmentally-friendly light sources.
The LED used in the field of plant cultivation also exhibits the following characteristics: rich wavelength types, just in line with the spectral range of plant photosynthesis and light morphology; narrow spectrum wave width half-width, can be combined as needed to obtain pure monochromatic light and compound spectrum; can be concentrated The specific wavelength of light irradiates the crops in a balanced manner; not only can adjust the flowering and fruiting of the crops, but also control the plant height and the nutrients of the plants; the system generates less heat and occupies a small space. It can be used in a multi-layer cultivation three-dimensional combination system to achieve a low heat load And the miniaturization of the production space; in addition, its strong durability also reduces operating costs. Because of these remarkable features, LEDs are very suitable for plant cultivation in a controlled facility environment, such as plant tissue culture, facility gardening and factory seedling breeding, and aerospace ecological life support systems.
Static Wash, Cyclic Neutralization and Washing of 4A Zeolite
Abstract This paper describes the principles, process flow and technological conditions for reducing the amount of washing water required in the production process of 4A zeolite by means of static washing and recycling and neutralization. On the basis of laboratory tests, industrial expansion tests were conducted and industrial applications were obtained, effectively saving water and reducing the production cost of 4A zeolite.
1 Introduction
Chinalco Shandong Branch currently uses 4A zeolite for hydrothermal synthesis and is the largest domestic manufacturer of 4A zeolite. At present, the annual output of 4A zeolite is over 200,000 tons. The new 4A zeolite production workshop is being launched. After the completion, our company's 4A zeolite production will further increase. Although the amount of 4A zeolite has been reduced with the change in domestic detergent industry standards, in the long run, 4A zeolite is still the largest amount of phosphoric acid additive, which has huge market potential.
Alumina of our company is mainly produced by the sintering method. The high cost of the sintering method is known to all people. Under the market environment, we are faced with tremendous pressure to reduce costs. Our company has made the chemical alumina as the development focus and vigorously developed the chemical alumina. However, the development of chemical alumina has the problem of contradiction between chemical alumina and sintering method. How to realize the coordinated development of chemical alumina and sintering method is a problem that we face, namely, the optimization of chemicals and sintering methods. Not only the development of chemicals but also the cost reduction of the sintering process is the development direction of the development of chemicals. The most important contradiction is that due to the increase in the amount of chemicals used, the amount of alumina scrubbing water can not be balanced, affecting the production of alumina. Taking the current production workshop as an example, it adopts tape filter separation, static washing plus one-time scrubbing, washing water volume is about 6-7 tons, steam consumption is about 0.7 tons, and the cost is about 90-100 yuan/ton. Higher washing costs, it is necessary to reduce water consumption. Calculated at an annual output of 200,000 tons, about 1.4 million tons of water is fed into the water from the sintering process each year, which imposes a huge burden on the sintering process and seriously affects the balance of the sintering process water. In light of future development needs, the next step will continue to expand the production of 4A zeolite, and the contradiction in water consumption will be further intensified. Therefore, if the amount of water used for washing 4A zeolite can be effectively reduced, the production cost of 4A zeolite can be reduced, and the waste liquid discharge in the production process of 4A zeolite can be reduced; the water conflict with the sintering method can also be alleviated, and the water content obtained after washing can be reduced. Alkaline waste liquids can also be used more appropriately. It can be said that reducing the amount of washing water for 4A zeolites results in a win-win result and can save a lot of costs for the company.
2.2 Laboratory Experiments
2.2.1 raw materials
Obtained from 4A zeolite production workshop crystallization qualified slurry
Static washing water: L/S 1-1.4 (compared to dry base 4A zeolite)
Recycling lotion: NT: 8-9g/l, NC: 11-12g/l room temperature
2.2.2 Experiment Operation
After the qualified slurry is vacuum-filtered and separated, it is washed with a certain amount of distilled water, and then washed with circulating washing water at a liquid-solid ratio of L/S=4-5 for 5-10 minutes. After the separation, drying analysis is performed to separate the filtrate. use.
2.3 Experimental results
2.3.1 Static washing effect of different static washing volume
Under the condition of fixed suction pressure, cake thickness, etc., the amount of alkali and the concentration of lotion carried by static washing were investigated under different static washing volumes. The result is shown in Figure 1.
2.3.2 Product Specifications and Comparison
On the basis of optimizing the amount of static washing, the composition of the resulting static washing solution and the product after scrubbing in the determined component of the scrubbing solution were examined under different static washing volumes. The results are shown in Table 1:
Table 1 Table of components and product indicators for static washings
In order to determine the influence of the components of the scrubbing liquid on the product, we tested the chemical composition of the laboratory product and other similar products. The results are as follows:
2.4 Results Analysis and Problem Discussion
2.4.1 Determination of static washing volume
In the prior art, a large amount of hot water is used to leach a solid-liquid separated filter cake on a tape filter, and then the filter cake that has been washed away from most of the alkali is poured into a scrubbing tank to scrub, so the first step of the process is Determine the amount of static washing, that is, to find the amount of washing water and take the best alkali. Since all the components in the static washing solution come from the 4A zeolite solution, the attached solution is flushed into the static washing solution. Therefore, the composition of the static washing solution depends on the composition of the solution and the amount of static washing water. Therefore, other factors are maintained by controlling irrelevant factors. Similarly, monitoring the level of total alkali in the static washing solution obtained by static washing with different amounts of water can determine an optimum value, so that the elution of alkali is the most and the amount of washing water used is the least, and the most appropriate concentration of the static washing solution is obtained. A certain amount of 4A zeolite filter cake contains the amount of alkali Af, then washed with water after the alkali was divided into the residual alkali in the zeolite AC and was taken into the bath of the alkali AJ, namely: Af = AC + AJ
It can be seen from Figure 1 that the amount of alkali removed AJ is a curve with a gradual slope. When the amount of water is 1.2 times the dry-based zeolite, the increased amount of water only takes away a small amount of alkali, but it causes the concentration of the static washing solution. Straight down, so we can determine the amount of water is dry zeolite 1.2 times when the amount of washing water can be obtained, the best concentration of washing solution, while ensuring that the concentration of the scrubbing solution is stable at NT: 8-9g/l, NC: 11-12g / l, at the same time through the test to verify that in the range of 0.9 ~ 1.4 times the water, static washing liquid composition in the desired range, the test results are shown in Table 1.
2.4.2 Changes in Product Specifications
It can be seen from Table 1 that all indicators of 4A zeolite after scrubbing are qualified, but the calcium exchange is slightly high. This is because the product adds a small amount of sodium carbonate, but this does not affect the product quality, the product of sodium carbonate The increase in the content is due to the fact that the sodium carbonate in the scrubbing liquid is brought in by sodium bicarbonate. Through calculation and test verification, the total alkali and carbonic acid content in the scrubbing liquid in the test are determined, and the product is qualified under the precondition of ensuring the product. The added sodium carbonate quality is only 0.2%~0.4%, which is very insignificant. We compared the washed product with the current six workshop products and PQ samples. The results are shown in Table 2. From the results, we can see that there is no essence. difference.
Now, 4 tons of zeolite washing workshop needs to use about 5 tons of water above 80°C to wash one ton of zeolite. This scheme uses laundering, circulation and neutralization methods to wash, and uses about one ton of demineralized water at room temperature, which can save steam and a lot of water, though To increase the cost of ventilation, but overall the cost is much lower than the existing program, and does not require the transformation of existing equipment.
Through a large number of laboratory tests to verify, from the test results and analysis shows that this program can effectively save water, reduce costs, is feasible. On this basis, an industrial expansion test was conducted.
3 Industrial expansion test
3.1 industrial expansion test process
In the existing 4A zeolite production plant, there is no need for major transformation. Simply install the flow meter in the static washing section, strictly control the amount of washing water and the amount of material to be washed. The second step of washing is changed to cyclic washing, and the CO2 pipeline is added to the water storage tank. The carbonation of the circulating washing liquid will reach the technical requirements of the circulating washing liquid.
On the tape filter, it is washed with industrial demineralized water, and the washing liquid is sent to the alumina plant. The tape filter cake was beaten with a circulating wash solution and sent to an OK filter press. The filtrate was recycled to the wash solution. The filtrate continuously passes CO2 to maintain a certain NaHCO3 concentration. The recirculating lotion does not need to be supplemented with fresh water and can be recycled. Since the moisture content of the filter cake cake filter is greater than the OK filter cake water content, when the amount of the circulating washing liquid increases, it can be part of the row.
3.1.2 static washing, recycling and washing 4A zeolite technical conditions:
1. Static washing volume: 1-1.5 times (relative to dry zeolite). Adjust the volume of static washing and control the liquid NT9-10g/l. To prevent filter cake cracking, ensure that the static washing effect.
2, cycle washing L / S: 4
3, circulating cleaning liquid NT: 9-10g/l, NC>NT: 3g/l
4, washing temperature: room temperature
5, CO2 consumption is about 8kg/t-4A, CO2 absorption rate is 20% -30%.
3.2. Industrial expansion test
Table 3 Results of Static Washing, Cyclic Neutralization, and Washing of 4A Zeolite Results
4 Conclusion
Through industrial tests, the conditions worked out in the laboratory were verified. At the same time, some conditions were adjusted in industrial tests. Some problems that occurred in industrial production were solved. From the results:
4.1 Effectively reduce the amount of washing water, saving about 3 tons of washing water consumption, this can be seen from the statistics table of unit consumption;
4.2 The total alkali concentration of the outgoing lotion also reached a suitable level. From the industrial test records, the normal value is about 30g/l or more, which can be reasonably used;
4.3 The quality of the product remains stable, and the product cost is appropriately reduced.
It can be said that this scheme has gone through the process, achieved the effect of saving water and energy, and at the same time reduced the amount of outgoing lotion and realized the expected requirements.