Black coating is a type of Surface Treatment used to provide a durable, aesthetic and protective finish to metal parts. It is applied to a range of substrates, including steel, aluminum, and titanium, through various processes such as painting, chemical baths or physical deposition.
Black coating provides an attractive, matte finish that reduces glare and reflections. It is commonly used in industries such as automotive, aerospace, and firearms, where aesthetics and durability are essential. The black coating can also be used for functional purposes, such as to reduce friction and wear.
One of the most common types of black coating is black oxide. Black oxide is created through a controlled chemical reaction that forms a layer of black iron oxide on the surface of the metal. This process enhances the corrosion resistance of the substrate and provides a uniform and attractive black finish. Black oxide is also used to provide a matte black finish to gun parts, as well as to increase the conductivity of electrical components.
Another type of black coating is powder coating, which involves applying a dry powder to the surface of the substrate and baking it in an oven. This process creates a durable, weather-resistant finish that is resistant to damage from UV rays and other environmental factors. Powder coating is widely used in the automotive and manufacturing industries, where it provides a long-lasting, high-gloss black finish.
Finally, black coating can also be achieved through physical vapor deposition (PVD). This involves depositing a thin layer of black material onto the substrate through a vacuum chamber. PVD black coatings are very durable, and are often used in high-precision applications such as medical instruments and aerospace components.
In conclusion, black coating is a versatile and effective way to provide a durable, aesthetic, and protective finish to metal parts. Its visual appeal, corrosion resistance, and wear resistance make it a popular choice in a variety of industries and applications. Whether applied through chemical baths or physical vapor deposition, black coating plays an important role in enhancing the performance and longevity of metal parts.
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The basic principles of quantum mechanics tell us that the result of measuring a particular nuclear spin can only be one of its two eigenstates. When the state of a nuclear spin is observed multiple times in succession, it is possible to see its transition between different eigenstates. With the extreme conditions of strong magnetic field, the quantum jump phenomenon of the strong coupling of the 13C nuclear spin near the center of the nitrogen vacancy has been observed at room temperature. However, the existing observation methods are not suitable for a large number of weakly coupled 13C nuclear spins. Their resonance frequencies are very close, and it is difficult to achieve a state in which only one of them is observed without affecting other nuclear spins.
The Institute of Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics (Financing) Solid State Quantum Information and Computation Laboratory Q01 Group Researcher Pan Xinyu has long been committed to the quantum calculation and quantum precision measurement experimental research of the nitrogen vacancy center. Recently, they collaborated with Liu Renbao, a professor at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, and Liu Gangqin, a postdoctoral fellow, and Fan Wei, a researcher at the Institute of Physics. They innovatively proposed and experimentally demonstrated a dynamic decoupling pulse to lock and continuously measure weakly coupled 13C. In the nuclear spin state method, a quantum jump of a single weakly coupled 13C nuclear spin is observed at room temperature. They demonstrated a 13C nuclear spin single readout technique for weak coupling in diamond at room temperature, a technique that fills the gap in the field. They successfully read a 13C nuclear spin with a coupling strength of 330 kHz for a single readout of 200 ms and a fidelity of 95.5%. This work provides important for future use of nuclear spins as a carrier for quantum computing. Technical Support.
The kinetic decoupling technique originating from NMR was introduced into the nitrogen vacancy center system in 2010, initially to extend the coherence time of the central electron spin. Subsequent research found that it can accurately locate and manipulate the evolution of neighboring nuclear spins. In this recent work, they proposed the use of dynamic decoupling pulses to achieve intensity-controlled quantum measurements. With selective continuous weak measurements, the only selected 13C nuclear spin will be locked in its eigenstate, which is reflected in the central electron spin fluorescence intensity and recorded. Based on this high sensitivity and high fidelity detection method, the weakly coupled 13C nuclear spin quantum state transition in a complex environment was successfully observed. The single-shot readout of nuclear spins also eliminates the need for extreme conditions such as strong magnetic fields and low temperatures. This scheme greatly enhances the application value of a large number of weakly coupled 13C nuclear spins with excellent coherence properties, and is of great significance for the construction of multi-qubit devices at room temperature. This work has been published in the recent Physical Review Letters 118, 150504 (2017).
The work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology (2014CB921402, 2015CB921103), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11574386), and the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB07010300). 
Figure 3. Experimental signal and fidelity analysis of a single 13C nuclear spin quantum jump at room temperature. Where (a) is the experimental pulse sequence, (b) is a typical quantum hopping signal, and the data analysis of (cd) shows a single read fidelity of 95.5%. 
Abstract Quantum bits are the basic unit of quantum computers. Among the many candidates for possible quantum computers, the nitrogen-vacancy center (NVcenter) is attracting more and more researchers. Forming diamonds...
Qubits are the basic unit of a quantum computer. Among the many candidates for possible quantum computers, the nitrogen-vacancy center (NV center) is attracting more and more researchers. The main component constituting the diamond crystal is a 12C atom having no nuclear spin. This pure spin environment allows the nitrogen vacancy center qubit to remain extremely coherent at room temperature and is one of the few qubits that work directly at room temperature. In addition to the 12C atom, there are 1.1% of 13C atoms in the diamond. They are randomly distributed in the diamond crystal with a 1/2 nuclear spin. These nuclear spins have a longer lifetime and are an excellent carrier for quantum bits. The single-shot readout of quantum bits is a very important technique for scalable quantum computing. The nuclear spin in diamond is excellent due to its long decoherence time (at room temperature to seconds). Qubits and quantum memories, but in general nuclear spins are difficult to achieve a single read.