The Significance and Principles of China's Resource Price Reform

The reform of resource prices has a bearing on the whole body. It is not only related to the interests of resource development areas, but also to the interests of the ultimate consumers of resources. It has a very important impact on the speed, quality and price level of China's economic development. Comprehensively grasping and deeply understanding the significance of resource price reform is conducive to scientific analysis of the impact of resource price reform on social stability and economic development, taking into account the interests of all parties concerned, and combining the speed of reform with the degree of social affordability. In the overall situation of scientific development and social stability, we will steadily push forward resource price reforms.

First, the reform of resource prices is conducive to giving full play to the fundamental role of the market in resource allocation. One of the most important characteristics of the socialist market economic system established in China is to combine the plan with the market and give full play to the basic role of the market in resource allocation. In recent years, China has thoroughly implemented the scientific development concept and accelerated the transformation of the economic development mode. The most important point is to persist in exerting the basic role of the market in resource allocation and adjust supply and demand through the market. The price mechanism is the most important way for the market to allocate resources. At present, there are still many places in China's resource price formation mechanism that do not adapt to the market. The basic role of market regulation of resource allocation has not been fully exerted. The outstanding performance is that many resources are allocated through administrative means or near-free mining, resulting in low-cost sale of resources and serious deviation. The normal market price and other aspects. The low cost of resource exploitation and the low price of terminal consumption have caused high consumption of resources in enterprise production and residents' lives, which has seriously restricted the transformation of China's economic development mode. Therefore, to speed up the reform of resource prices, we must adhere to the market-oriented reform orientation and establish a resource price formation mechanism that reflects the relationship between resource scarcity and market supply and demand.

Second, the reform of resource prices is conducive to the effective improvement of China's economic and social sustainable development capabilities. With the rapid advancement of industrialization, urbanization and informatization in China, China's demand for natural resources has grown steadily, and it has become one of the countries with the most resources consumed in the world. The consumption of multiple resources ranks first in the world, but at the same time China's resource use performance belongs to the world's worst countries. Environmental pollution and ecological damage caused by resource development and utilization are also becoming increasingly prominent. One of the important reasons is that resource prices are too low and the factors of resource prices are unreasonable. Accelerate the reform of resource prices, so that resource prices can fully reflect market supply and demand, resource scarcity and environmental pollution costs, thereby effectively improving resource development and utilization costs and terminal consumer prices, which can effectively curb high resource consumption and other activities, and continuously improve resource utilization. The performance of the company provides a strong guarantee for the sustainable development of China's economy and society.

Finally, resource price reform is conducive to accelerating the transformation of China's economic development mode. For a long time, the prices of various resources in China's domestic market have been too low, which has made important contributions to enterprises' reduction of production costs and international competitiveness. However, it has also reduced the pressure and motivation of China's enterprises to transform and upgrade and carry out independent innovation, thus forming a " Low technology trap." With the continuous improvement of China's opening up to the outside world and the increasing integration of domestic and international resource prices, the market competition faced by Chinese enterprises is becoming increasingly fierce. It is impossible to rely on low-priced resources for market competition. Accelerate the reform of the current unreasonable resource prices, and rationally determine the resource prices through the market, so that the various costs of resource development and utilization can be fully reflected in the resource prices, which will inevitably increase the production and operation costs of enterprises, thus forcing enterprises to strive for independent innovation. The cost pressure brought by the rising price of digestive resources, continuously increasing the added value of products and market competitiveness, and gradually realizing the purpose of using price leverage to promote the transformation of economic development mode, making economic development mainly rely on resource consumption and increasing investment to rely mainly on scientific and technological progress. The improvement of the quality of laborers and the transformation of management innovation.

Resource price reform must be guided by the scientific concept of development. On the basis of comprehensively and profoundly understanding the multiple meanings of resource prices, we should take into account the interests of different regions, different groups, different enterprises and different industries for resource price reform, and strive to achieve reform and economics. The best combination of development speed and social stability, constantly accelerate the pace of resource price reform, and effectively provide sustained and strong momentum for China to accelerate the transformation of economic development.

First, it is based on the market allocation of resources, and accelerate the formation of scientific and reasonable resource prices. China's resource price reform must adhere to the market-oriented, effectively solve the problem of resource free possession and monopoly development in development and utilization, actively promote market competition for resource development and utilization, and select resource developers through bidding to improve resource development and utilization costs. Change the current situation of low-cost consumption and low performance of China's resources. It is necessary to gradually establish a compensation system for resource development and ecological environment damage, strictly implement the system for polluters to pay for environmental restoration costs, and gradually implement the reform of the price system for emissions trading, so that resource prices can reasonably reflect environmental costs and better reflect the market value of resources. Accelerate the establishment and improvement of a unified, open, competitive and orderly resource trading market system, promote free trade of resources and fair competition, break the monopoly of resource circulation, strengthen the evaluation of resource property rights, and accelerate the reform of resource enterprises.

The second is to do a good job in reform and coordination, and rationally allocate resources and price reform benefits. Accelerate the reform of fiscal and taxation policies such as resource tax reform, integrate the current situation of excessive resource taxes and fees in China, appropriately increase the proportion of resource taxes in resource prices, and properly handle the cost sharing and benefit distribution relationship in resource price reform. Establish a corresponding guarantee system and compensation system, rationally distribute the profits brought by the increase in resource prices, and tilt the interests of the central and western regions as resource production areas to coordinate the economic development of different regions. Comprehensively consider the residents' ability to withstand resource price reforms, and provide part of the resource price adjustment benefits to provide subsidies for low-income people and promote the coordination of resource price reform interests among different groups.

The third is to do a good job in reform research and demonstration, and continue to steadily push forward resource price reform. The reform of resource prices may lead to an increase in the prices of household goods and raw materials, which will lead to an increase in the production costs of enterprises and the cost of living. The poor timing of reform will affect the harmony and stability of society, which in turn will affect the process of resource price reform. Therefore, the reform of resource prices must correctly handle the relationship between reform, development and stability, and promote the transformation of the economic development mode and the adjustment of industrial structure with resource price reform. In accordance with the reform goal of establishing a scientific, rational and transparent resource price formation mechanism, specific analysis should be carried out according to market supply and demand conditions, competition or monopoly conditions of different resources, and reforms should be actively and steadily promoted. (Author: School of Economics and Management, Beijing Jiaotong University)