Vegetable field medicine

As the vegetable growing season can obtain greater economic benefits, the vegetable growing area is increasing with the adjustment of the rural industrial structure. Planting large-scale contiguous vegetable fields, giving mites, (B type) B. tabaci, American (South American) Liriomyza, beet (Twill), Moth, Plutella xylostella, virus disease, disease, powdery mildew, gray mold, etc. The spread of vegetable pests and diseases provides conditions, and the prevention and control of pests and diseases is still mainly based on the use of chemical pesticides. It is often difficult to control the hazards due to mistakes in the use of drugs, causing environmental pollution, excessive pesticide residues in vegetables, and resistance to pests and diseases. There are many disadvantages such as increased pesticide input costs. In the face of the new situation after joining the WTO, it is necessary to improve the problems existing in the current pesticide control against vegetable diseases and insect pests, and strive to achieve the use of chemical pesticides in the contiguous vegetable fields.

First, the uniform application time. In order to prevent the spread of pests and diseases or to jeopardize the hazards, pesticide control measures can be taken uniformly within the prescribed time.

1. Apply at the best time of prevention. In order to obtain satisfactory control effects, in general, when the disease first occurs, or the pest larvae are the best period for chemical control before the age of 3; if this period is missed, when the pests and diseases spread over a large area, pesticides are used again. Will lead to an increase in the number of medications or an increase in the amount of medication per unit area.

2. Scientifically determine the scope of application. According to the occurrence of pests and diseases and the types of vegetables, the scope of application should be determined. During the application process, do not leave dead spots, so that pests and diseases can hardly reach the number of populations that can cause harm and reduce the number of medications.

3. Harvest vegetables in strict accordance with the safety interval. After applying a certain chemical pesticide according to the uniform time, it is forbidden to harvest vegetables during the safe interval of the pesticide, which helps to reduce the pesticide residue in vegetable products.

Second, uniform application of varieties. In order to avoid the blindness of farmers to choose pesticides, it is necessary to choose the pesticide variety.

1. Select the pesticide with the name of the active ingredient. In December 1984, the National Bureau of Standards issued a common name for 294 pesticide active ingredients, which means that each pesticide active ingredient can only have one common name, but its commodity name is more, such as avermectin insecticide. There are more than 30 trade names, which may cause a variety of pesticides to have multiple names, or a variety of different active ingredients, pesticides have the same trade name, which is easy to cause confusion in use, so follow the name of the active ingredient of the pesticide (general name) ) to select pesticides.

2. Scientific rotation of medication. Rotational medication is one of the main measures to prevent and control the resistance of vegetable pests and diseases. Therefore, it can be scientifically selected according to the ecological conditions of contiguous vegetable plots (which can be cross-administrative divisions), the occurrence of pests and diseases, the types of natural enemies and their distribution and cross-resistance. Pesticide, used in a unified rotation to delay the development of resistance to pests and diseases, and to maximize the protection of the population of natural enemies.

3. To implement relevant state regulations. For pesticides that are prohibited by the state from being used on vegetables (including their compounding agents), they must be resolutely deactivated, and avoid the use of fake, inferior, fake, and pesticides. High-efficiency, low-toxic, low-residue pesticides should be selected to make vegetables. The amount of pesticide residues in accordance with national standards also helps to purify the pesticide market.

Third, unified application of pesticide technology. According to the actual situation of the contiguous vegetable field, you can choose the appropriate application technology and popularize the application.

1. Choose the right application technique. The more common methods of application include spray method, dusting method, root filling method, soil treatment method, etc., and the same pesticide can also have various dosage forms, such as oil, emulsifiable concentrate, wettable powder, suspension, etc. A variety of application methods and dosage forms have a certain scope of application, according to the type of vegetables, control objects, environmental conditions, etc., the correct choice of application methods and pesticide formulations to obtain better control effects.

2. Accurately weigh pesticides. In order to ensure the control effect, the use of pesticides should be standardized. The dosage per unit area and the amount of water should be used as standards. It is necessary to weigh the pesticides more accurately and avoid the phenomenon of increasing or decreasing the amount of pesticides.

3. Do a good job in the aftermath of using chemical pesticides. After the application of the pesticide, it is necessary to properly dispose of the pesticide packaging materials, residual liquid medicine, medical equipment cleaning liquid, etc., and do the notice work for the farmers who have applied the medicine. If necessary, it is necessary to insert a warning sign in the field to prevent accidents. The event happened.

Fourth, unified investigation and control effects. Scientific research personnel should regularly investigate the occurrence and control effects of pests and diseases according to a unified method to obtain more accurate data to provide a scientific basis for chemical control.

1. Scientifically develop survey methods. To assess the control effect of a pesticide, it is necessary to use the survey data to determine, and if necessary, statistical analysis; different survey methods will lead to different survey results, using a unified survey method to help objectively evaluate each pesticide Or the control effect after each dose.

2. Strengthen the propaganda and interpretation work for contracted farmers. Due to the different scientific and cultural qualities of the farmers, the benevolent sees the benevolence, the wise sees the wisdom, and the judgment results of the objective things are different, which will lead to different actions. Therefore, it is necessary to promptly report the results of the investigation of the occurrence of pests and diseases, the types of drugs, and the effects of prevention and control to the contracted farmers to obtain the understanding and support of the farmers.

5. Unified application of pesticides. Because the scientific and technological quality and responsibility of each farmer are different, it has a great influence on the control effect of pesticide application. Therefore, the pest control work of each farmer's vegetable field can be contracted by a special person or a professional company.

1. Establish a network system for pest control. It can be composed of agricultural technology stations and agricultural capital companies in the contiguous vegetable fields. The villages can choose to have the responsibility, the scientific and technological knowledge, the physical health, and the qualified young adults who have undergone technical training to undertake the application of pesticides. The relatively complete (vegetable) pest and disease prevention network system provides one-stop technical services such as pest and disease investigation, supply of pesticides, and application of pesticides, which can avoid the phenomenon of household purchase of medicines and household medicines, reduce the probability of farmers' contact with pesticides, and avoid Pesticide poisoning occurs, which contributes to social stability.

2. It is necessary to reduce the pesticide input cost of farmers. After unified application, the farmers can be charged a certain amount of prevention and treatment according to the dosage and area of ​​prevention, but it is lower than the cost of prevention and control of the farmers themselves, so that the farmers can gradually recognize and accept the application of medicine.

3, to do prevention and treatment records. It is necessary to have a person responsible for recording the original investigation data such as the occurrence of vegetable pests and diseases, the types of pesticides used, the effects of prevention and treatment, and the cost of medicines and machinery, and establish archives to provide evidence for future pest control decisions, which will help improve the prevention and control of vegetable pests and diseases. Level.
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