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Diamond is the hardest substance known in nature, and many people are curious about them. In a laboratory in Zhengzhou, a group of people deal with diamonds every day. They are scientists who study superhard materials.
From small mobile phone screens to aerospace components, it is necessary to use ultra-hard material grinding tools for grinding. Scientists who want to polish all the materials also reveal the other side of the diamond.
Both Zhao Wei and Xiao Li are working in the State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials Abrasives (referred to as the laboratory) located in Zhengzhou High-tech Zone.
The main research objects of the laboratory are superhard materials such as diamond (mainly synthetic diamond) and cubic boron nitride, and superhard materials are developed according to production requirements.
Diamond is the hardest material known in nature. In production, some parts are made of titanium alloy, and high temperature resistant alloys are also processed with high temperature ceramics. This requires the use of diamond-based superhard material grinding. Processed to make production more efficient and economical.
All of these abrasive tools are also widely used in the precision, high efficiency and green processing of parts in the aerospace, electronic information, automobile manufacturing, refrigeration, photovoltaic and other industries.
Scientists here are studying å•¥
In order to achieve high efficiency and save production, laboratory scientists are constantly trying to overcome industry problems. For example, research on "new superhard abrasive design and advanced manufacturing technology and theory", "superhard abrasive grinding technology and theory".
Scientists also need to study the formulation of ceramic binders, resin binders, metal binders, and electroplated metal binders to make diamonds into ultra-hard materials.
Those bonding agents are actually bonding agents. Because both diamond and cubic boron nitride are granulated and have no support, they need to be bonded to form a block-like product, which is then made into a grinding tool.
Sticking diamonds into adhesives with adhesives sounds so simple. Do you need a special Chinese character lab to do research?
The answer is yes. The development of superhard material abrasives is due to the fact that new technological applications require new production techniques for matching production, which places demands on the technology of superhard materials.
For example, the development of carbon fiber body grinding wheel is used in the processing of automobile crankshafts, and the application of diamond and cubic boron nitride can also be used to polish the spacecraft engine parts and glass grooving tools.
Aerospace materials need to be "wear-resistant" most
Many aerospace components are made of materials with high hardness such as titanium alloy, nickel alloy and carbon fiber, and the components are more complicated.
For example, many of the engine components used in aerospace are first pressed out with a mold and then ground to meet the design requirements. Ordinary grinding tools have very low grinding efficiency and high loss for these materials. To solve these problems, superhard material grinding tools are needed.
“In fact, the demand for superhard materials and abrasive tools is also appearing in mobile phone production.†Wang Zhiqiang, a senior engineer in the laboratory, said that from the cutting and grinding of sapphire mobile phone screens to the manufacture of precision instruments such as mobile phone chips and CPUs. Open such high-precision grinding tools, "such as Apple, LeTV, Huawei and other mobile phones, in some production processes, have used the high-precision segmentation technology that our laboratory has overcome."
"Micron grinding wheel" fills the domestic gap
Xia Juxue, a senior engineer in the laboratory, is mainly engaged in sapphire inverted grinding tools.
His team will make the corresponding wear-resistant sapphire grinding tools according to the customer's requirements to help customers produce the sapphire products.
In the eyes of Xia Yuxue and his colleagues, sapphire is alumina, and diamonds are high-quality diamonds. In many people's minds, the production of abrasive tools is to make grinding wheels, and they are also used as grinding wheels.
In fact, the grinding wheel is just a popular name, don't forget the front of their lab name, and the word "super hard material". Their laboratory is dedicated to "hard bones."
According to the laboratory staff, the problems solved by the various project teams in the laboratory have also filled many domestic gaps. For example, the laboratory research and development of the 15 to 60 micron electroplated ultra-thin diamond cutting wheel used in wafer fabrication front-end wafers, "this technology has also reached the international advanced level, breaking the long-term technology of foreign developed countries to China. blockade".
“In the past, our country did not make the molding and sintering process of such grinding wheels.†Wang Zhiqiang, a senior engineer, said that the technology mastered by the laboratory has changed the status quo of the diamond cutting wheels for integrated circuit segmentation in China's electronic information industry. Solved the technical problem of high-precision segmentation of integrated circuit wafers, and the future of super-hard material abrasive tools is the development of abrasive tools in the electronic information industry. “Because there are many types of grinding in this industry, there are still grinding problems encountered. Many need to be tackled one by one."
Scientists talk about diamonds, which are artificial and natural.
Scientists who have been exposed to the State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials Abrasives can't help but learn about diamond-related knowledge. Although these may not be their research direction, compared with the average person, as a scientist who deals with diamonds every day, what do they think of diamonds?
Diamonds are formed in the high temperature and high pressure environment inside the earth. Because of the high requirements on the formation conditions, the number is rare. In human society, diamonds are also considered to be noble symbols.
But in the eyes of laboratory engineers, synthetic diamonds are graphite allomorphic transformants.
“In 2014, artificial diamonds began to fire.†Laboratory engineer Zhu Xiaowei said that in the production of synthetic diamonds, it is necessary to use a six-face press, up and down, left and right, and from all six sides of the six-sided graphite to the middle of the machine. The curve and the boost curve are heated and pressurized. "But if it is just pressure, the efficiency will be lower, which requires the catalyst to increase efficiency and increase the diamond particles."
With the advancement of technology, many diamond manufacturers have the ability to produce large-diameter diamonds, and the price of gem-quality diamonds with higher purity and better crystal form has attracted many manufacturers to join the army of producing synthetic diamonds.
The scarce things have actually started mass production. How much impact will these diamonds have on the price of diamonds when they are put on the market?
Zhu Xiaowei told reporters that this will definitely affect the price of diamonds to a large extent, and the price of ordinary diamonds in the future may be reduced by one-third. "But diamonds are divided into many grades, and gem-quality diamonds are still very precious."
Zhu Xiaowei revealed that the industry is now formulating relevant standards. Just like genetically modified foods, it must also indicate “what are synthetic diamonds and which are natural diamonds†when sold. “Artificial diamond products are definitely cheaper than natural diamonds, but if not With professional identification instruments, it is difficult for ordinary people to see the difference between natural diamonds and synthetic diamonds."
Since it is difficult for ordinary people to distinguish between synthetic diamonds and natural diamonds, can scientists who deal with diamonds all day identify their authenticity?
“When synthetic diamonds are synthesized, there are many types of catalysts, and their composition is different. Those synthetic stone catalysts may also be found in diamonds. The hardness and high temperature resistance of synthetic diamonds are not as high as natural diamonds. Laboratory engineer Zhao Wei said that although synthetic diamonds and natural diamonds are transparent, some artificial diamonds are different in color from natural diamonds because of the catalyst. This is better. However, if it is a high-purity synthetic diamond, it is currently not detected in China. It needs to be tested by some foreign appraisers to identify whether it is a synthetic diamond.
For the topic "Why South Africa is rich in diamonds", many engineers who deal with diamonds every day believe that this is because South Africa used to be a very active area of ​​crustal movement. "The crustal movement can meet the high temperature and high pressure conditions required for diamond formation."
Many people are also very curious about the composition of meteorites, and the meteorites will have high temperatures when they rush to the earth, and will also generate pressure when they hit the earth. Will the meteorites bring us diamonds?
Engineers in the laboratory said that meteorites not only have high pressure when they hit the earth, but they have already suffered tremendous pressure when entering the atmosphere, and there is also pressure during the friction with the atmosphere, so that the natural diamond production is calculated. The high temperature and high pressure required, there are meteorites, "the diamond is still very likely to bring diamonds."
The abstract "Diamonds are long-lasting, a permanent biography", in life diamonds are a symbol of wealth and love. Diamonds are diamonds that have been honed. Diamond is the hardest substance known in nature, and many people are curious about them. in...
"Diamonds are long-lasting, a permanent biography." In life, diamonds are a symbol of wealth and love. Diamonds are diamonds that have been honed.