[Common sense] non-ferrous metals and ferrous metals

First, the classification of non-ferrous metals Metal materials are metal elements and metal elements, or metal elements and a small amount of non-metallic elements, with the general characteristics of metal materials, collectively referred to as metal materials

According to the number of elements contained in a metal material, it can be divided into pure metal (two or more elements consisting of one element, sentence, and alloy oil. The alloy can be divided into two according to the number of elements contained in the alloy. Yuan alloy, ternary alloy and multi-element alloy

Non-ferrous metals are classified into 5 types: 1 non-ferrous metals, ie non-ferrous metals with a density above 4.5 years old, such as Cu, Ni. Pb, Zn. Sn, etc.; 2 Light non-ferrous metals, ie a density of 4.5 g/m or less. Non-ferrous metals, including A1. Mg, Na, K Ca, Sr. Ba, etc., are characterized by low density, high chemical activity, and very stable formation of compounds with O'S'C and halogens; 3 noble non-ferrous metals, including Au, Ag 'Pt, etc., they are less in the earth's crust, extraction and extraction is more difficult, common features are high melting point, chemical stability, can resist acid and alkali corrosion, and g and Pd Xie Ling, the price is more expensive; 4 half metal Generally refers to Si.Se, Te, As, B, etc. The physical properties of such metals are between metals and non-metals. For example, As is a non-metal, but can conduct heat and electricity; 5 rare metals, usually refers to those in nature. Metals with low content, sparse distribution or hard to extract from raw materials, such as W, Ti, etc.

An alloy composed of a non-ferrous metal element as a basic element and one or more other elements is called a non-ferrous alloy. Non-ferrous alloys can be classified into heavy non-ferrous metal alloys, light non-ferrous metal alloys, precious metal alloys, rare metal alloys, etc.

According to the different preparation methods, non-ferrous alloys can be divided into three categories: 1 Deformed non-ferrous alloys: mainly refers to the material or products formed by pressure deformation. Generally, the added elements are less in content and can form single-phase solid solutions at high temperatures. Good deformability

2 Non-ferrous alloys for powder metallurgy: General raw materials are elemental powders. After being cold-pressed, hot-pressed, or sintered, they are made into profiles or blanks. They have developed rapidly in recent years and have extensive application fields.

3 Cast non-ferrous alloys: Fill the cavity after smelting into a liquid state and cool it to make a profile or blank part. As-cast non-ferrous alloys have a large amount of elements added, and they have more phases in the two-phase domain at room temperature, and can produce complex parts.

Considering Casting Properties and Mechanical Properties in Engineering Applications

II. Naming Principles of Non-ferrous Metals and Their Products Nomenclature of Non-Ferrous Metals and Alloys Product Nos. are specified, and Chinese Pinyin letters or international element symbols are used as subject word codes to represent their major categories. For example, aluminum IT or Cu is represented by L or Al. Indicates copper. After the subject word, it is expressed in the numerical order of ingredients combined with the product category. Namely, the code after the keyword can indicate the status, characteristics or main components of the product, such as rust-proof aluminum (L) alloy with LF being (F); LD is aluminum (L) alloy with forging (D); LY is Hard (Y) aluminum (L) alloys, the subject of these three alloys is aluminum alloy (L). For example, QSn is a group of tin (Sn), the main additive element in (Q) copper; QAL9-4 is cyan ((Q) copper contains aluminum (Al), and the additive element aluminum is 9%. The other additive element is 4%, and the subject of these two alloys is Cyan ((Q) copper. Therefore, the product code is the standard Hanzi pinyin, chemical element, and Arabic numerals defined by the standard ((GB 340-1981)). Combined approach to represent

The status, processing method, and feature code of non-ferrous metals and alloy products are expressed in the specified Hanyu Pinyin letters. Such as thermal processing of R (heat), quenched C (quenched), non-aluminum coated B (not), fine-grained X (fine), etc. However, there are a few exceptions, such as high-quality surface O (visualization is perfect), etc.

According to the provisions of GB/T 8063-1994, the cast non-ferrous metal grades consist of “Z” and the chemical element symbols of the corresponding pure metals, and the figures indicating the percent purity of the product or consist of a short horizontal line and a serial number. The non-ferrous alloys are cast. The grade is composed of Z, the symbol of the chemical element of the base metal, the sign of the mixed alloy rare earth element in the symbol of the main alloy chemical element, and the symbol of the nominal percentage of the chemical element of the alloy. For each alloy, the number of the element symbol and its nominal percentage, which are sufficient to indicate the main characteristics of the alloy, should be listed in the decreasing order of their nominal percentages. When the nominal percentages are equal, then Alphabetical order; when it is necessary to show that the alloying elements that determine the alloy category are listed first, regardless of their content, the element symbol should be placed immediately after the matrix element symbol

The more commonly used cast non-ferrous alloys are classified into cast aluminum alloys, cast copper alloys, cast magnesium alloys, cast zinc alloys, foundry alloys, and cast bearing alloys in accordance with the matrix elements in the alloy. Cast alloys, on the other hand, refer to alloys such as Sn-base and Pb-based alloys used to cast plain bearings.