The size of feed pellets in poultry production is often overlooked. In the production process, feed manufacturers often cannot guarantee the uniform size of the feed particles, and completely mix and mix the individual feed ratios. The grain size of the diet is not uniform, some are very fine, some are very rough, and different grinding and breaking methods can also lead to different distribution of feed particles. Even in the case of similar nutrients in the whole feed, different particle sizes will affect the digestion and absorption of the feed. Production performance of poultry. Therefore, feed producers often need to assess feed particle size and its distribution to minimize the impact factors. The impact of feed particle size on the digestive system The development of the digestive system is affected by the size of the feed pellets. Feeding larger pellets of poultry can promote the development of the stomach and stomach and increase the length of the intestine. Larger granules stay in the muscles and stomach for a longer period of time, and the feed is ground into small granules before being released into the small intestine. The longer the intestinal villi, the larger the surface area for digestion and absorption, which in turn increases the digestion and absorption of nutrients. Researchers believe that feeding large pellets can promote the secretion of digestive enzymes in the small intestine, which is beneficial to the digestion and absorption of nutrients. When feeding fine granular feed (powder), the feed does not need to be ground quickly and enters the glandular stomach through the stomach and stomach, resulting in a small muscle stomach, enlarged glandular stomach, and reduced intestinal length. Therefore, it is not recommended to use a fine feed. The ideal feed particle size Feed particle size can seriously affect the feed intake of poultry. Ideal feed pellets should increase with the development of chicken gizzards, muscles, and digestive organs. Laying hens tend to consume large pellets, and this preference is more pronounced with increasing age. In the first 6 weeks, the feed material is generally 1-3mm powder. For chicks, the nutrients in the powder are more uniform, but as the age increases, continuous feeding of the powder will cause the chicken stomach and small intestine to change. small. After the food is opened, mix the uniform powder to ensure the development of the digestive organs. 55–85% of the feed has a feed particle size of 1-3 mm and a geometric mean diameter of 1200 microns. The antenatal material should contain 2-4mm diameter stone powder pellet feed, which is beneficial to ensure the quality of the eggshell. Feed particle size (cereal) The feed particle classifier classifies the feed samples according to the particle size. • Can be used in chicken farms to detect the particle size of the feed from the feed field – when sampling the feed or sampling from the feed tower. • Evaluate feed particle size uniformity across the feed system – sampling from multiple points. Too much fine grain feed • Reduce feed intake and nutrient absorption • Increase the dust in the chicken house Too much coarse grain feed • Chicken will choose large pellets for feed • Increase the risk of feed separation The best granules • The flock consumes fine pellets at 3–4 hour intervals. The fine feed pellets consumed daily are an important balanced nutrient intake. • Add at least 0.5% oil or liquid fat to the feed to help mix and adhere to small pellets. • Use large pellets or broken material to increase feed intake when the climate is hot. 01 poultry selective feeding Laying hens are generally made up of large pellets and small pellets. Chickens are more likely to consume large pellets. These large particles are mainly broken corn, which mainly provides energy. Small particles mainly contain some amino acids, phosphorus, vitamins and minerals. Vitamin and mineral premixes are usually small particles. Large pellets that are eaten too much by laying hens tend to have too much energy intake, while some nutrients are not adequately ingested, such as vitamins A, D, riboflavin, sodium, lysine, and methionine. Most of the drop in egg production and eggshell quality problems are caused by uneven nutrient intake. Too many feedings or excessive feeding is not conducive to the feeding of small pellets. If not managed properly, small particles will deposit in the trough. The noodle emptying for 2-4 hours is conducive to the feeding of small pellets, so that the chickens can feed the feed in the trough during this time. The breeder should observe the feeding situation in real time, determine the appropriate feeding times and feeding amount, so that the chickens eat large particles and small pellets every day. The daily intake of large particles and small pellets in the flock is beneficial to the balance of nutrition. 02 feed particle size determination method The standard feed granulometry method is based on the US Department of Agriculture standard, which requires that the feed or feedstock must pass through 14 smaller sieves for 10 minutes to calculate the geometric mean of the feed granules and the uniformity of the feed granule size (standard deviation or coefficient of variation). ). The coefficient of variation of a reasonable compound feed should be less than 10%. This method is only used in large feed processing plants. 03 crushing process on the size of feed pellets The particle size of the feed ingredients undergoes multiple changes during the pulverization process. The main factor affecting the particle size is the method of pulverizing the feed. Raw materials such as soy flour, fish meal and premixes are often no longer comminuted to reduce particle size. Cereals (corn, wheat, and other cereals) require milling and comminution. Under the same mill, the granules of wheat are different from the granules produced by corn. The hammer mill uses a series of rotary hammers to beat the grain, during which the hammer breaks the material at high speed until the pulverized material can leak through the perimeter. The particle size and uniformity of the feed produced by this method depends on the size, shape, rotational speed of the hammer and the shape and pore size of the surrounding mesh. The hammer crushing method can be used to produce pellet feeds of various sizes and can also be used to produce wheat by-products. The roller compaction pulverizer uses a pair of cylindrical rollers to crush the raw material into small particles. Wrinkles and fine grooves on the surface of these rollers can act on the surface of the feed. The roller speed on one side is fast, and the other side forms an absolute pressure. The feed particle size is determined by the number of rolls, the distance between the rolls, the roll diameter, the speed and the corrugation area of ​​the surface. In general, the uniformity of the feed pellets produced by the roller compaction process is higher. Hammer mill and counter roller mill feed particle size distribution. In general, the feed pellet size of the roller mill is more consistent. Source: Heimann, American Soybean Association, 2008. 04 feeding system Chain Feeding System: The use of chains to drive feed transport results in stratification of feed pellets during transport and also mills feed pellets, although the new chain feeding system has been modified to reduce wear. Slow feeding will cause the first chicken to be fed to feed to eat large pellets. Spiral auger system: The use of spiral rotation transmission, rapid transfer of feed, less layering of feed particles, reducing feed re-grinding, but less feed per chain than chain system. Driving feeding system: mobile driving moves on the feed line, and the feed is dropped by gravity. Compared with the other two methods, the impact on feed grading and milling is minimal. Real-time monitoring of the chute minimizes feed feeding problems. It is best to feed a small amount several times. The chain feeding system is relatively large in feeding, which may lead to the deposition of small particles. Therefore, the empty material period is required for the chicken to feed the feed in the trough. When feeding, ensure that there is enough space for all. The chickens are fed to the feed. Each system can lead to stratification of feed, and the keeper must monitor and manage it in real time. Chain conveyor systems are more likely to cause feed grading, causing small particles to accumulate in the middle of the trough, with large particles accumulating on both sides of the trough. The spiral feeding system causes the feed to stratify up and down, with small pellets at the bottom and large pellets on the feed surface. Running the spiral feeding system again can reduce feed stratification. 05 fault repair
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