Fertilizer and fertilization technology consulting solutions

Ms. Gao of Cangzhou, Hebei Province: Winter wheat should be topdressed. Experts say that after urea is converted into ammonium nitrogen, it can be absorbed and utilized by crops. In order to prevent decomposition after urea application, nitrogen volatilization loss, and irrigation is required immediately after fertilization, but irrigation After the urea is easy to lose, what should I do?

A: The key to resolving these contradictions is to immediately irrigate the water after application, but the amount of irrigation should be appropriate. The specific method depends on the soil moisture, which can be divided into two situations: First, the soil moisture is better, the urea can be applied to the ditch, the soil is applied while the soil is applied, and the soil is not required to be watered; the second is the soil drought, and the fertilizer should be watered in time after being applied. But the amount of water should not be too large. Generally, the amount of irrigation from the greening to the jointing period is about 30 to 50 cubic meters per acre, and it is better to not infiltrate into the soil below 50 cm after irrigation.

Mr. Cheng from Linyi, Shandong Province: The book says that fertilizer can increase grain production by 10%~25%. When I market organic-inorganic compound fertilizer, can I increase the yield by 15%~25% in the fertilizer application manual?

A: No. Because the productivity of books refers to general fertilizers. However, for the unconventional specific commercial fertilizers such as organic-inorganic compound fertilizers, the increase or increase in production must be based on scientific tests at the time of product declaration, and it is recognized by experts. Otherwise, there is any suspicion of commodity speculation.

Mr. Li from Dandong, Liaoning asked: Is fertilization of rice good in the water, or is it better to sprinkle it after sprinkling?

A: It depends on whether the application is based on base fertilizer or top dressing. If it is base fertilizer, it is generally combined with soil preparation and fertilization. If it is top dressing, it is usually applied directly under the condition of water layer.

Ms. Wang from Changsha, Hunan asked: Why does rice fall? Can you apply potash fertilizer?

A: There are many reasons for rice lodging, such as excessive planting density, shallow transplanting, excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer in the early stage, or partial application of nitrogen fertilizer. Therefore, it is necessary to start from the comprehensive management of rice lodging. Appropriate application of potassium fertilizer can promote photosynthesis and make crop stalks robust. However, it is not possible to rely on potassium fertilizer, but also with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, nitrogen fertilizer center shift, selection of anti-dumping varieties, rational close planting, proper control of irrigation, and appropriate application of silicon fertilizer.

Ms. Shen from Yancheng, Jiangsu Province: Can you use high-tower granulation compound fertilizer in greenhouse?

A: Yes, but it should be used in a reasonable amount and in a proper way. Make sure that the fertilizer is thoroughly mixed with the soil or covered in the soil after deep application, and pay attention to proper ventilation. Because the high tower granulation compound fertilizer has a high nitrogen content (such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient distribution ratio of 30:5:5), and the nitrogen is made of urea. Although this kind of fertilizer has good water solubility, if the application method is improper, it is easy to cause ammonia to volatilize, and the vegetables, especially the leaves or flower buds adjacent to the ground, are damaged to varying degrees.

Mr. Yao from Cangzhou, Hebei Province: Why are salt-alkali crops susceptible to phosphorus and trace elements?

Answer: The content of chloride ion in saline-alkali soil is high, which is easy to antagonize with phosphate ion, which hinders the absorption and utilization of phosphorus by crops. Because of the large alkalinity of saline-alkaline soil, it also reduces the activity of trace elements such as iron, zinc, manganese and boron. In the saline-alkali land, organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer should be added, and trace element fertilizer should be sprayed appropriately.

Farmers in Heilongjiang and Anhui have asked: How to fertilize Chinese herbal medicines?

A: Thistle can be planted all over the country, but different areas have different requirements for fertilization: it is annual in Heilongjiang, the growth period is short, 95~100 days, and the soil is fertile. Under the condition of mechanized farming, it can be combined with the whole land. Applying farmyard manure in the layer, applying a small amount of general-purpose compound fertilizer before sealing the ridge, or spraying only 2~3 times of foliar fertilizer; while in Anhui, it is necessary to combine deep-pitched land preparation with fertilized farmyard manure. After the seedlings, combined with cultivating and weeding, apply appropriate amount of human and animal manure or NPK fertilizer. Note that the milk thistle is used as a medicine (seed) for medicine, and all parts of the plant should be prevented from causing excessive growth due to excessive or partial application of nitrogen fertilizer.

Mr. Qin of Mengzhou City, Henan Province asked: Chinese herbal medicine Dihuang should be removed from the flower buds, but the planting area is large, busy, but can not pick?

Answer: Rehmannia root is used as a root block to remove medicine, and timely removal of flower buds can reduce nutrient loss and promote the accumulation of nutrients from above-ground stems and leaves to underground roots, thereby improving the yield and quality of the medicine. Not only the rehmannia, but also all the crops with roots or rhizomes, such as potatoes, roots and rhizomes, are also the same. Generally, when the ground begins to bud, the potato begins to grow in the underground, so the roots are swollen, so in addition to staying In addition to the species, the flower buds should be removed in time.

(Senior Consultant of Sinofert, Professor of China Agricultural University Wang Xingren)
Farmers Daily
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