Occupational hazards of plating operations The main occupational hazard of plating operations is exposure to a variety of harmful gases and solutions. When organic solvents are used to remove oil, vapors of organic solvents such as gasoline and trichloroethylene escape. The use of strong acid in the process has an acid mist to escape, the largest amount of acid mist leaching, erosion of the mucous membrane, and can cause tooth erosion, acid solution splashed on the skin immediately cause burns. Chromium plating is highly concentrated in the air surrounding the plating bath during chromium plating. Long-term exposure can cause nasal septum perforation, skin ulcers, dermatitis, and eczema. Some people may develop bronchial asthma. Contact with nickel sulfate during nickel plating can also cause dermatitis and eczema. When plating with alkaline chromium salts, hydrogen cyanide can escape. If the cyanide in the plating solution encounters acid, it can produce high concentrations of hydrogen cyanide, which can cause acute poisoning and even life-threatening. At present, in this industry, a small number of foreign capital, joint ventures, and formal specialized enterprises have equipment and management at the international advanced level, with a high degree of automation and excellent equipment, and in the three wastes management, energy saving and emission reduction, occupational hazard prevention, recycling and other items Work can meet the requirements of relevant laws, regulations, national standards and industry standards. However, most SMEs still use a lot of outdated technologies and equipment. A large number of production lines are semi-mechanized and some are even manually operated. The factory is old, equipment is rough, ground sewage flows, the workshop is smoggy and smells irritating. According to relevant data, the over-standard rate of air samples in the chrome plating workshop is 16.7%, but most companies do not implement GBZ1-2002 on new construction, expansion and reconstruction. The provisions of the relevant standards such as the Design Health Standard for Industrial Enterprises do not even know that occupational hazards in the workplace must be tested and evaluated. Some unscrupulous owners do not even provide workers with perfect personal protective equipment. Barbarism and disorder with a period of primitive accumulation constitute the universal characteristics of the electroplating industry. The main factors causing occupational diseases in electroplating work 1, electroplating commonly used chemical substances: (1) Cyanide: Includes cyanide-containing salts. Drugs that inhibit respiratory enzymes cause intracellular suffocation. Inhalation of high concentrations of hydrogen cyanide gas in a short period of time can immediately stop breathing and die. Poisoning can be caused by immersion in the respiratory tract, esophagus and skin. Mild cases have mucous membrane irritation, numbness of lips and tongue, asthma, nausea, vomiting, palpitations. In severe cases, irregular breathing, consciousness gradually coma, incontinence, rapid respiratory failure and death. Neurological sequelae may also occur after cyanide poisoning is cured. Several factors causing occupational diseases in electroplating work 1. Dust: The main source of electroplating dust is polishing, sanding, blasting, and other processes. It is mainly caused by the potential harm of silicosis. Low temperature usually refers to an ambient temperature below 10°C. The main effect of low temperature on the human body is to make the body's deep body temperature drop, causing a series of protective or compensatory physiological reactions, such as trembling, vascular contraction on the human body, metabolic rate increases. Accelerated heart rate and respiratory rate, and changes in blood components. If the deep body temperature falls below 34°C, people will experience obstacles such as forgetfulness, talking and stuttering, and spatial orientation. The reduction in tactile discrimination and the operational flexibility of the hand will be significantly reduced, affecting work efficiency. 3, noise and vibration factors: long-term work in excessive noise environment, hearing organs will be damaged, leading to nerve, digestive, cardiovascular and other systems from physiological reactions to pathological changes in the lesions. The main reactions are: headache, dizziness, tinnitus, palpitations, and sleep disorders such as neurasthenia syndrome. The occurrence of vibration in the electroplating industry is rare. Main protective measures for the hazards of plating operations Individual protection measures Use sealed equipment and mechanized loading and unloading lines as much as possible. Cover the plating tank with a seal to prevent acid mist from escaping. When it is impossible to seal the equipment, a slot edge suction device should be provided at the upper edge of the plating tank to eliminate chromic acid mist; strengthen the overall ventilation and mechanical ventilation of the workshop; and coat the surface of the plating solution with liquid paraffin and dodecane sulfate. Basal solution, etc. to reduce the fumes of the acid mist. At the same time, the routine maintenance and overhaul of various mechanical exhaust devices should be strengthened to ensure the effectiveness of ventilated row of acid mist. Workers should wear rubber or plastic gloves, anti-acid aprons and rubber boots, anti-acid masks and protective glasses when working. The overalls should be changed and cleaned, and the body skin should be cleaned after work. Supervision of related functional departments Electroplating production enterprises are highly toxic and high-polluting industries and have a high degree of harm to the environment. They are enterprises with multiple occupational diseases. As long as all levels of governments and safety regulatory agencies increase supervision over law enforcement, they must strengthen joint law enforcement to form a joint force and start from the source. Strengthen the supervision and management of occupational health in the workplaces of electroplating enterprises, strengthen the main responsibility for the prevention and control of occupational hazards, prevent, control and eliminate occupational hazards, ensure the safety and health of employees, and provide a quality, safe and healthy employment environment for the sound and rapid development of the national economy. And work hard. This article is a reprint of online media. It only represents the author's point of view. It has nothing to do with this site. If news articles and comments infringe your legal rights, please call us and we will handle it in a timely manner. Aquarium Lamp,Aquarium Bulb,T8 Coral Tube,T8 Coral Bulb Changxing leboom lighting product CO.Ltd. , https://www.leboomuvs.com
(2) Chemicals such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, hydrofluoric acid, ammonia, and sodium hydroxide are present in the air of the workplace in the form of corresponding gas and acid (alkali) mist and enter the human body mainly through the respiratory tract and digestive tract. Inhalation leads to upper respiratory tract infection, causing coughing, chest tightness, congestion of the nasal cavity of the throat, perforation of the nasal septum, throat, erosion of the pharynx, bronchitis, dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, pneumonia, pulmonary edema and other symptoms. In vitro exposure can cause burns, skin irritation, and corneal perforation.
(3) Metal salts such as zinc, copper, nickel, and chromate: Inhalation of aerosols causes upper respiratory tract infections such as nasal perforation, nasal ulcers, and skin contact that cause contact dermatitis and allergic dermatitis and eczema. Into the human body caused acute poisoning such as: shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, purpura, shock, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, liver damage, renal failure. Chromium salt is also a carcinogen.
(4) Organic chemicals; solvents are mainly alkane, ethanol and benzene toxic substances. All kinds of additive components are more complex, mainly in the condensation of epoxy chlorinated alkanes with alcohols, alkynes, ethers, addition reaction products. After these two types of poisons enter the human body, they are mostly reflected in movement disorders, neurogenic damage, blood diseases such as leukemia, and obstructive anemia.
2. Temperature factors: People work under high temperature or with bad parts that have high humidity or heat radiation at the same time. The body undergoes body temperature regulation disorders, metabolic balance disorders, rapid heart rate, vasodilation, and increased burden on the heart, to the circulatory system and digestive system. Both the nervous system and the nervous system are damaged, causing the operators to feel uncomfortable, such as heat, dizziness, palpitation, irritability, thirst, weakness, fatigue, etc., resulting in decreased work efficiency, poor coordination of movements, and susceptibility to misoperation. They are also prone to heat stroke accidents.
4. Labour intensity factor: refers to the definition of labor time (including unreasonable rest system) and the excessive labor intensity exceeding the individual's physiological ability, 0 and excessive fatigue of local organs and long-term use of unhealthy position and posture labor or unreasonable use Tool labor. This excessive labor intensity causes the work law and the law of life of the workers to be destroyed, and the body's fatigue and siltation are transferred to the overworked state, which increases blood pressure and atherosclerosis. Internationally defined as: chronic fatigue syndrome. Caused by: physical decline, memory loss, headache, dizziness, lack of energy, insomnia, irritability, anxiety, psychological pressure and other symptoms, in an exhausted sub-health state.