Cob Landscape Light,Cob Cree Led Light,Cob Cree Led Garden Spotlight,Garden Spotlight Led Light Shenzhen Poolux Lighting Co., Ltd. , https://www.pooluxled.com
In the 1980s, a high-tech product, nanomaterials, was born. Its magical characteristics and extremely broad application prospects are very attractive.
Nanotechnology has brought human understanding of nature to a new level. From then on, a number of new disciplines will be born, more new materials will be created, many new concepts and new theories will be established one after another, and the production methods of material products will be rapid. Changes will lead to tremendous changes in social life. The international scientific and technological authority predicts that the 21st century is the nanometer century. The far-reaching significance of the development of nanotechnology is comparable to the industrial revolution of the 18th century. Therefore, every major country now emphasizes that nanotechnology will determine the fate of the country in the 21st century.
With the end of the micron era, the nano-era began to throw the dawn of the first dawn into the world. Where will the center of future world civilization appear? One thing that is certain is that in the nano-era, whoever masters the most advanced nanotechnology, who can benefit first from nanotechnology, is likely to become the new generation of world civilization.
The arrival of the nano-era, the first thing that people feel is the nano-ecosystem built on the basis of nanotechnology. The formation process of nano-economy, first of all, nano-products stand out from the basic research of nano-technology. The emergence of nano-diamonds is one of them. The gradual maturity of this product and the gradual expansion of its influence make the nano-industry increasingly in the national economy. Prominently, the proportion is gradually increasing. Historical experience tells us that countries that once valued micron technology have become developed countries today, and nanotechnology has provided new opportunities for people. Countries that value nanomaterials today will take the lead in future high-tech competition.
It should be pointed out that modern technology tends to be innovative at the intersection. Because nanotechnology is multidisciplinary and cross-integrated, it is full of original opportunities for innovation. Scientists are also willing to work in this field and obtain the fruits of original innovation. Multi-disciplinary cross-integration at the nanoscale is a huge vitality of nanotechnology, and has rapidly formed a research field with broad subject content and potential application prospects.
Nanomaterials are the foundation of nanotechnology, because nanomaterials have the characteristics of small particle size, large specific surface area, high surface energy, large proportion of surface atoms, and their unique four major effects: small size effect, quantum size effect, quantum Tunneling and surface effects, thus having the singular or abnormal physical and chemical properties not found in traditional materials.
Nano-diamond is an important member of the nanomaterial family. It not only retains the comprehensive properties of diamond, but also has good biocompatibility for the human body. It has great transmittance and absorption for radar waves and infrared ultraviolet light. Rate, excellent cold cathode field emission effect, the surface has many functional groups such as carboxyl group, hydrocarbon group, carbonyl group, etc. It is easy to be closely combined with metal, rubber, plastic polymer, fabric surface, etc., thus providing technical basis for nano diamond application and Development space, this article cites the following specific examples to clarify.
1. Electrochemical and Electroless Plating of Nanodiamonds and Metals Experimental studies have shown that the application of nanodiamonds in electroplating process technology has the following advantages:
1.1 Improve the quality and structural characteristics of the product â— Superior wear resistance and high microhardness;
â— high adhesion and low coefficient of friction;
â— Electrical insulation properties of high anodized aluminum oxide film;
â— high corrosion resistance;
â— The diffusion capacity of the electrolyte increases sharply;
â— High flexibility.
1.2 The service life of the product is increased by 1-9 times.
1.3 can save material, energy and labor consumption.
1.4 The productivity of the plating line is increased by 20%-50%, which is related to the decrease in the thickness of the plating layer and the increase in the speed of film formation.
The economic characteristics of the 1.5 point solution process are improved.
2. Nanodiamonds are used in lubricating oils, solid lubricants and lubricating coolants.
Nano diamond additive lubricants have the following advantages:
2.1 Improve the quality and competitiveness of the product; improve the working life of the transportation box device; save fuel and oil materials.
2.2 The friction momentum is reduced by 20%-40%.
2.3 Friction surface wear is reduced by 30%-40%.
2.4 The fast running-in of the friction pair.
The unit consumption of nanodiamonds is 0.1-0.2 kg in 1000 kg of lubricating oil.
3. Nanodiamonds are used for grinding and polishing.
The United States, the United Kingdom and other countries have prepared nano polishing liquids and are sold in commodities. The conventional polishing liquid is prepared by placing particles of different particle diameters into a base liquid to be used as a polishing agent, and is widely used for metallographic polishing, high-grade lens polishing, advanced crystal polishing, and rock polishing. The finest particle size is generally in the micron to submicron range. With the rapid development of high technology, the surface of the crystal is required to have a higher finish. This requires the particles in the polishing agent to become finer and narrower, and the nanoparticles provide the basis for achieving this goal. Ultra-fine polishing liquid and polishing paste prepared with nano-diamond can be used for fine polishing of red, sapphire, jewelry, advanced optical lens and laser lens with surface roughness up to Rmax<<1nm
Polishing systems containing nanodiamonds have several advantages:
3.1 Ultra-fine size nano-diamonds ensure the minimum surface roughness and the stability of the polishing system colloid.
3.2 The chemical stability of nanodiamonds, which can be used chemically for the reduction of active additives and polishing systems in polishing systems.
3.3 Reduce the component of the polished surface material and reduce the loss of material.
3.4 Due to the ion exchange and adsorption activities of nanodiamonds, the activity of ions and molecular products on the surface of nanodiamonds can be reduced, that is, the purity of the surface is ensured.
The agglomerate structure of the 3.5 nm diamond agglomerates facilitates coalescence regulation in the suspension polishing system.
3.6 This system is not poisonous.
3.7 Polishing system containing nano-diamond can improve the quality and competitiveness of polishing products to ensure the processing of difficult-to-machine materials.
Processing a surface of 1 m2, the unit consumption of nanodiamond is 0.001-0.01 kg.
4. Nanodiamond is used in magnetic recording systems.
First, nanodiamonds are used as anti-wear additives and physical denaturants in ferromagnetic coatings on magnetic tapes and disks. Secondly, adding it to the electrochemical composite film can improve the stability of magnetic recording.
Due to its small size, single magnetic domain structure and high coercivity, magnetic nanoparticles can improve the signal-to-noise ratio and improve image quality by making magnetic recording materials. The size of the magnetic particles as the magnetic recording unit must satisfy the following requirements: (a) the length of the particles should be much smaller than the recording wavelength; (b) the width of the particles should be much smaller than the recording depth; (c) one unit of the recording volume should be There may be more magnetic particles.
The addition of 4.1 nanodiamonds to the ferromagnetic layer significantly reduces the magnetic domains (particles of ferromagnet), ie the recording density is significantly increased.
The nano-diamond is introduced into a special film in which the magnetic head is cleaned, and its wear resistance is remarkably increased.
The soft magnetic information carrier containing nanodiamond has the following advantages: the magnetic carrier layer is worn down, the optimal working condition of the magnetic head and the reading is ensured, the magnetic carrier friction is reduced, and the running stability is improved.
The unit consumption of nanodiamond is 1% to 2% of the weight of the paint film.
4.2 Compared with pure CoP coating, CoP-nano-diamond soft magnetic amorphous film shows that the microhardness is increased by 30%; the wear resistance is increased by 3.5 times; the friction coefficient is reduced by 28.6%; and the service life of the magnetic core is increased by one time.
Compared with pure electrochemical or electroless CoP coating, the microhardness of CoP-nano-diamond hard magnetic polycrystals is increased by 20%, the corrosion current is reduced by 37.5%, the service life of magnetic recording carriers is increased, and nano-diamonds are added, whether soft or not. Magnetically amorphous, or the magnetic properties of hard magnetic coatings have not changed.
When the layer thickness is 1.1-6 m, the unit consumption of the nanodiamond is 1 m 2 and is about 1 carat.
5. Used for stealth materials In recent years, with the development of science and technology, various detection methods have become more and more advanced. For example, radar can emit electromagnetic waves to detect aircraft; infrared detectors can also be used to detect infrared-emitting objects. At present, in order to adapt to the needs of modern warfare, countries all over the world have improved their strength in military confrontation, and also made stealth technology an important research object. Stealth materials occupy an important position in stealth technology. A small amount of nano-diamond is suspended in the paint and sprayed on aircraft, tanks, missiles, and warships to provide invisible anti-corrosion.
Why do ultrafine particles, especially nanoparticles, have a stealth effect on infrared and electromagnetic waves? There are two main reasons: on the one hand, because the size of the nanoparticles is much smaller than the wavelength of infrared and radar waves, the transmittance of the nanoparticle material to this wavelength is much stronger than that of conventional materials, which greatly reduces the reflectivity of the wave, making the infrared The reflected signals received by the detector and the radar become weak to achieve stealth; on the other hand, the specific surface area of ​​the nanoparticulate material is 3-4 orders of magnitude larger than that of conventional coarse powder, and the absorption rate of infrared light and electromagnetic waves is also It is much larger than conventional materials, which makes the intensity of the reflected signal from infrared detectors and radars greatly reduced, so it is difficult to find the target to be detected and play a stealth role. At present, stealth materials have broad application prospects in many aspects, but the stealth materials that are currently playing a role are mostly used in aerospace and military-related parts. One of the requirements for materials in heaven is light weight. Nanomaterials are advantageous in this respect. In particular, nanomaterials composed of light elements are widely used in aviation stealth.
6. Nanodiamonds are used in medical treatment.
The size of nanoparticles is generally much smaller than that of red blood cells and red blood cells in living organisms. This provides a new research method for biological research, that is, using nano particles for cell separation, cell staining, and using nanoparticles to make special drugs or new types. Antibodies for local treatment, etc., research in this area is now in its infancy, but it has broad application prospects.
Abnormally high adsorption capacity of nanodiamonds, large specific surface area, a large number of free electrons on the surface (a large number of atomic donors), a large number of oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of nanocrystals, chemical inertness of particles, hydrophilic properties of the surface, The agents that may be used for treatment are important.
Nanodiamonds can be applied to oncology, gastroenterology, cardiology, vascular disease diagnosis, skin diseases, etc. They are not carcinogenic or mutagenic, and are not toxic.
Nanodiamonds show very high activity against pathogenic viruses, microorganisms and bacteria. Due to their high adsorption capacity and other unique properties, they will be strongly adsorbed. They are active adsorbents and biologically reduce the mobility of active substances. They are a means of sharply strengthening pharmaceutical agents. The application of nanodiamonds can induce normalization of blood pressure. In addition, when the gastrointestinal system is sick, different skin diseases, and visceral poisoning, the use of nanodiamonds is effective and is the best means of preventing burns.
The application of nano-diamonds in aqueous and oily suspensions is beneficial to the enhancement of tumor medicinal reagents, as well as the reduction and elimination of painful effects, the normalization of intestinal peristalsis, the improvement of blood parameters, the enhancement of the activity of the living and immune systems, and the Excreted from the organism and so on.
The combination of nanodiamond applications with chemical and radiotherapy shows great promise. Malignant neoplasms are used to prevent mutagenicity of therapeutic agents, and nanodiamonds do not reduce their efficacy. And the prevention of normal cells and the occurrence of mutations in the induction of secondary tumors under the action of a cancer preventing agent.
A course of about 0.2-0.5 grams of nanodiamond is required for a course of treatment.
7. Catalytic application Nanoparticles have a small volume, a large volume fraction of the surface, a different bond state and electronic state of the surface, and an incomplete surface coordination of the surface atoms, which leads to an increase in the active position of the surface. The basic conditions as a catalyst. Recently, studies on the surface morphology of nanoparticles have shown that as the particle size decreases, the smoothness of the surface becomes worse, forming an uneven atomic step, which increases the contact surface of the chemical reaction. It is expected that ultrafine particle catalysts will likely become the main role of catalytic reactions in the 21st century. By utilizing the characteristics of nanometer diamond, such as extremely large surface area, high surface energy and high porosity, it can manufacture small-volume, low-cost catalytic devices instead of the original huge and expensive equipment, and can be used as an environmental protection and solar battery box hydrogen storage device.
8. Adding nano-diamond to rubber and polymer can greatly improve its performance and improve tire burst resistance (from 53Mpa to 154Mpa); increase rubber product elasticity by 2 times and improve wear resistance by 2-5 times; add it The rubber component for the engine is made into the fluororubber, and the sealing ring is added to the nitrile rubber to greatly improve the elasticity at low temperature; in the epoxy resin-based polymer, the joint strength can be increased by 2-2.5 times.
9. Adding nano-diamonds to explosives can greatly increase the explosive power of explosives.
10. Adding nano-diamond to fuel oil can greatly improve the dispersion and combustion value of fuel, achieve the purpose of energy saving, and the like.
The application of nanodiamond in various aspects from above shows the importance of nanodiamond in the material science of the 21st century. The fascinating application prospects of the vast amount of nano-diamonds have prompted people to explore and expand the application of this new material science field and new research objects, so that it will bring more benefits to human beings. It is believed that in the new century, nano-diamond materials will become a shining star in the field of materials science. It is displayed in various fields such as new materials, energy, and information, and plays a pivotal role in enriching the human treasures of knowledge and bringing good news to mankind.
Source: China Superhard Materials Network