Research on adaptive beam driven by shape memory alloy Jin Jiang 1 Tao Baozhen 21 Nanxun Institute of Technology, Nandi 226007, China Institute of Smart Materials, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 216 Laminated beam with leg memory alloy driver was theoretically analyzed and experimentally tested. Theoretical analysis results and test results are in accordance with the Chinese law classification number TTLS12, the introduction of the drive element sensing element and control system combined or integrated in the composite material, so that it not only has the ability to withstand the load, but also has the detection action and other functions. This kind of structure is a so-called adaptive structure. The adaptive structure has a wide range of open memory alloys in many fields 51; Qiu six defeat has a unique shape memory effect, as. This kind of functional material has been used successfully in the manufacture of orthoses for controllers and medical surgeons in the automatic control system for fastening rivets of pipe joints. If the memory alloy and the composite material structure are combined together, the use of the memory alloy in the shape recovery process has a huge recovery stress, so that the structure of the stress-strain distribution geometry and the structural characteristics of the natural frequency damping and other desired changes, which is 31 Adaptive structure. In addition to its large driving force, shape memory alloys have the advantages of stable strength and high fatigue life. They have become important driving elements for adaptive structures. The constitutive relationships of memory alloys are subject to martensitic transformation due to load temperature changes, etc. The influence of factors has emerged a strong nonlinearity and is very complicated. It is necessary to study the mechanics of the pool and adapt to the structure. For example, according to the law of thermodynamics5, the differential constitutive relation of the shape memory alloy with stress, strain temperature and martensite content is deduced. 121 according to 1; wood structure relationship. Assuming a cosine function relationship between the martensite inclusion temperature and the stress temperature, and a more practical one-dimensional dimensional constitutive relation between the martensite inclusions, the concept of a shape memory alloy reinforced composite material is proposed, namely, the memory effect and the phase transition pseudomorphism using the memory alloy. Elasticity to change the dynamic characteristics of the structure's stress and strain distribution geometry, etc., Jia et al. analyzed the three-body, strong composite laminated plate embedded with pre-deformed three-wires; Sun Guojun et al. The cosine constitutive relation is used to numerically simulate the bending deformation of the 3 tender and strong composite plate. This article analyzes the adhesion of the stick-memory alloy driver from both the theoretical analysis and the experimental test. 1 Fundamentals 1.1 Shape memory alloys Shape memory alloys are functional materials with shape memory effects. After being subjected to an external force, the metal-like material undergoes elastic deformation first. After the yield limit is exceeded, plastic deformation occurs, and the external force leaves a permanent deformation after unloading. Some metal alloy materials, after being deformed by heating to a temperature above a certain temperature, can return to the shape before deformation. This phenomenon is called shape memory effect. The shape memory effect is found in martensitic transformation. The high temperature phase in the transformation of austenite is called austenite into a low temperature phase called the martensite phase elbow, and the phase change from the austenite phase to the martensite phase 1 is called the martensite positive phase transformation or abbreviation martensite. In phase transformation, phase 1 from the martensite phase to the austenite phase is called martensite reverse phase transformation. The explanation of the shape memory effect is that the material in the low-temperature horse phase is loaded and unloaded after undergoing plastic deformation. In this process, the martensite in the material is reversely transformed by the external stressor, and the macroscopic result is that the material recovers. The shape before deformation seems to have a memory function of its shape, which is also the origin of the name of shape memory effect. Metals with shape memory effect are usually alloys composed of two or more metal elements. This alloy is called shape memory. alloy. The memory alloy is currently the most excellent memory alloy. If it is in the free state during the phase change process, it can completely recover the plastic deformation up to 68; if the shape recovery is limited, it can produce up to 7, about the recovery stress. . In addition, its processing performance is relatively good, can be cold-drawn or cold-rolled, but also has the advantages of stable performance strength and high fatigue life, good corrosion resistance, and good basic blending of composite materials. Memory alloy has become an important driver in adaptive structure research. 1.2 Shape Memory Alloy dimensional constitutive relationship To analyze and design the adaptive structure of 3-river, it is necessary to first determine the constitutive relationship of the nomadic thermal mechanics before Derive the control equations for the structure. The martensitic transformation of shape memory alloys is the source of the shape memory effect. The proportion of martensite content is clear. The metallographic composition of the material also reflects the progress of martensitic transformation. Temperature and stress affect the horse. Only one of the transformations of the δ 1 transformation state is independent, and 181 uses the law of thermodynamics to derive the constitutive relation of the thermal mechanics of 5 as the standard 0, the initial state. In practical applications, the 3 ancestral filaments are often pre-pulled. Extensive treatment, leaving it with residual deformation, and then use it as a driver, combined with the basic structure, by changing the goods called the driver, such as the shape of the vehicle to restore action, and then change the structure of the geometric structure characteristics. The martensite content is a function of temperature and stress, and is related to the phase transition path. At the time of the 1st transformation, ie, the heating process, it is assumed that the Martens-Stokes stress is a linear system 1 Stress value. In the heating process, the martensite reverse phase transformation can be divided into stages. In the first stage, although temperature and stress have a common effect, there is no change in the Mamin body test. Therefore, there is no external load in hill 7 and 2, and 3 is the residual strain after the initial preset strain is initially stretched. In the first stage, under the joint action of temperature and stress, the martensite reversed phase transformation occurred, and the content of martensite changed, and the first-stage martensite reverse transformation was completed by Formula 2. All martensite is transformed into austenite. Is the starting temperature and ending temperature of the reverse martensite transformation under stress. 1.3 Paste the beam model of 3 thin strips. In order to derive the control differential equation, take the unit in the beam, 2, suppose 15, the driver produces linear strain only in the direction of its main axis, and distributes the strain uniformly along the thickness of the driver; 2 the adhesive layer transmits load through shear; The thickness of the junction layer and the thickness of the beam are linearly distributed; 4 beams have no external load and neglect the temperature change of the beam. Then the balance equation of the unit is the width of the thickness of the base beam generation, and the driver adheres to the surface of the beam of the standard generation. The geometric relationship of the neutral strain displacement is coded as the line strain and the allowable strain as the displacement. Always with the former. Substituting equation 915 into equilibrium equation 68, and for derivation, we obtain the following differential equations for 4-beam elements. 15 Assume that the strain field combines equation 1618, and dimensionlessly handle the length of the actuator. The parameter stiffness ratio is also defined as the length of the solution of the square æ“ 9 to the boundary of the shear element; soil 1 = 0, =. ± 1 =. soil = no, generation; for the effect of the driver 1 of the hemp actuator to solve the problem. Assuming that the linear distribution of the strained scarf is the relationship between the end-displacement and temperature of the adaptive cantilever beam, the relationship between the theoretical calculation and experimental test values ​​is basically consistent, but when the temperature is greater than 55, the error between the two is large. If the temperature is 80, the measured deflection is about 10 gorges and the deflection is calculated to be about 14 legs. Here, the error 7 is derived from one, and the material constant of 3 is in deviation from the actual value. It is difficult to accurately measure the material constants that are limited to the current tests. The constitutive relationship between the theoretical analysis model and actual ancestors is very complicated, and there are many influencing factors, which are highly non-linear. In this aspect, further research is needed. When theoretical analysis is performed, the temperature of the base beam is neglected, and the actual experiment should be performed. The temperature of the beam changes with the temperature of 5 at the same time. In addition, when the temperature rises, the degree of bonding of the adhesive is reduced, which results in a small experimental value. Curvature is to put 2728 into the market, and we have to divide the curvature from 1 to 7 times, to the deflection of the free end of the cantilever. 3 Experimental results and calculation examples We use glass fiber epoxy composite laminates as the base material of the cantilever beam. A thin strip of shape memory alloy is glued along the axis above it, and the binder is epoxy resin. Among them, the basic beam geometry 18,2,2.4 elastic test 14,5 inch, 9 children 80 feet; elasticity, the pool 26.1 pool adhesive door ten feet ten 18041 sail, 5 duck elastic modulus 1.33= The material constants for shape memory media such as 1. 3. The adaptive beam is immersed in a temperature-adjustable water to heat the shape memory alloy driver so that the shape of the actuator is retracted. As a result, the adaptive cantilever beam is deflected and the deflection can be measured. The cantilever beam can be measured at different water temperatures. The bending burn degree. 3 is the theoretical analysis results and experimental test results of bending deflection of the free end of a cantilever under different water temperatures. Sun's Experiment 4 Conclusion The heart alloy 1 and alloy structure were combined or fused into one. To form your 1 adaptive structure. It takes advantage of the huge reverberations in the process of memory-memory-shaped pantographs, such as the 哂αΓ (å³), å³ (æŒ ), è´Ÿ (è´Ÿ), è´Ÿ (è´Ÿ), è´Ÿ, è´Ÿ, ǜ侥帷, ǜ侥帷, ǜ侥帷, and natural frequencies. In this paper, a theoretical analysis of the adaptive beam bonded with a Can-Sha memory alloy driver was conducted, and the free-end displacement was derived. The 3rd-advanced adaptive beam was fabricated and the temperature-driven deformation of the beam was tested by experimental test results and theoretical analysis. 7 Sun Guojun. The shape of the B alloy beam is increased by 1 beam bending. Journal of Materials Science and Engineering. 1995.1249,124
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