At present, it is the busy season of spring. Recently, many farmers have called many questions about fertilization technology. For this reason, experts are invited to provide answers to some representative questions, which are for reference only.
Ms. Ge from Tianchang County, Anhui Province: How should fertilize rice? What is the deep fertilization technology for rice machine insertion?
A: Generally speaking, the rice seedlings are small and the seedling period is longer, but the tillering growth is rapid after the seedlings are slowed down. Therefore, based on improving the quality of the land preparation, the rational fertilization and water science management should be closely combined to carry out comprehensive management. For fertilization, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be combined with application. It is recommended that the ratio of nitrogen application in different periods is: base fertilizer: manure: booting fertilizer = 4:2:4, and at the same time, in water management, shallow water transplanting should be done. Improve the quality of transplanting; appropriate tillering at the tillering stage to promote rooting and strong seedlings; the booting stage should be dry and wet alternately, and the water layer should be maintained during the filling period to increase the number of kernels and increase the grain weight. Specific fertilization and water management, but also look at the quality, depth and seedlings of transplanting, must not be forced to move.
The rice thinning machine deep-fertilization technology is a high-yield cultivation technique that is being tried and promoted in recent years in Heilongjiang Province, such as the Eight-Five-Five Farm. It is a mechanical transplanting method, and the chemical fertilizer is buried in the depth of 4 to 5 cm and the distance between the seedlings. ~6 cm of paddy soil. Since the fertilizer dissolves slowly in the soil, it can continue to function throughout the growth period of the rice, thereby significantly increasing the fertilizer utilization rate. Compared with conventional machine-planted rice fertilization, the total amount of fertilization can be appropriately reduced and concentrated in the transplanting, but it is still necessary to pay attention to whether or not de-fertilization occurs in the later stage.
Mr. Wang from Shouguang City, Shandong Province and Mr. Sun from Donggang City, Liaoning Province: Is the shortage of vegetables in greenhouses caused by excessive fertilizer application?
A: There is an interaction between nutrients, and the effect is related to whether fertilization is reasonable. When the fertilizer is applied reasonably, different nutrients can promote each other. For example, when nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are properly combined, the yield can be increased, the quality can be improved, the environmental pollution can be prevented, and the fertilizer utilization rate can be improved. When the fertilization is unreasonable, the nutrient supply is imbalanced. When it happens, it will have the opposite effect. For example, in early spring, the greenhouse was not timely, moderately ventilated and ventilated, and excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer caused the metabolism of carbon and nitrogen nutrients in vegetables to be degraded. It was thin and weak, not only degraded in quality, but also susceptible to pests and diseases; once applied potassium fertilizer or ammonium. Excessive amount of nitrogen fertilizer leads to calcium deficiency and magnesium deficiency in vegetables; excessive use of phosphate fertilizer once causes zinc deficiency and iron deficiency in crops. Therefore, in order to better play the role of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, it is also necessary to prevent "the nitrogen is more carbon-deficient; the potassium is more calcium-deficient and magnesium-free; the phosphorus is more iron-deficient and zinc-free."
Ms. Xiangchuan from Jiangxi Province and Mr. Lu from Jingmen City, Hubei Province: How to overcome the citrus years?
A: It is recommended to do the following from the perspective of rational fertilization and comprehensive management of nutrients:
Apply enough base fertilizer in the fall. Before and after fruit picking in autumn, 50 to 60 fruit trees per acre, 35 to 65 kilograms of farmer's fertilizer per farm (equivalent to 2000 to 4000 kilograms per mu), general-purpose compound fertilizer is about 1 to 1.2 kilograms or equivalent. Elemental fertilizer to restore and strengthen tree nutrient reserves.
Rational ploughing in the spring. Cooperate with appropriate fertilization, cut off "independent prosperous branches, drooping branches, old and weak branches" to coordinate the relationship between vegetative growth and reproductive growth. This can not only improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions, but also reduce the unnecessary loss of nutrients.
Apply strong fruit fertilizer in summer. In the long fruit period after summer physiological fruit drop, the nutrient demand is large, and the balanced supply of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is required, which is the key period for citrus topdressing. In the early stage of the fruit expansion period, each tree is applied with a general-purpose or high-nitrogen potassium compound fertilizer of 1 to 1.5 kg or a single fertilizer with a similar application amount.
Mr. Li from Bayan County, Heilongjiang asked: Is the symptoms of deficiency in crops caused by insufficient fertilization? Is it ok to apply fertilizer?
A: The symptoms of crop deficiency are not necessarily insufficient fertilization. Under drought conditions, damage, freezing damage, salt damage and other conditions of growth stress, the roots of the crops can not be properly absorbed and utilized, and there will be symptoms of deficiency. Therefore, in order to overcome crop defects, it is necessary not only to rationally apply fertilizer, but also to create favorable conditions for crops to absorb and utilize fertilizer nutrients.
(Senior Consultant of Sinofert, Professor of China Agricultural University Wang Xingren)
Farmers Daily
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