The strategic depth of the “Made in China” upgrade

Abstract At the time of the Internet's deep transformation of traditional industries, countries have repositioned their own manufacturing industries, such as German Industry 4.0 and the United States to encourage manufacturing returns. "Made in China 2025" was introduced in such an era. China is a veritable manufacturing power...
At the time of the Internet's deep transformation of traditional industries, countries have repositioned their own manufacturing industries, such as German Industry 4.0, the United States encouraged manufacturing returns, etc., "Made in China 2025" was introduced in such an era scene.

China is a veritable manufacturing power, but it is big but not strong, and it is under tremendous pressure in the competitive situation. The pressure mainly comes from three aspects: First, developed countries are taking measures to promote the return of high-end manufacturing; second, low- and middle-income countries are beginning to transfer labor-intensive industries at a lower cost; third, under the above-mentioned “two-way squeeze”, The Chinese economy has entered a difficult climb period of “three phases of superposition”. China's manufacturing industry must be stable and far-reaching, and help to "stable growth". We must build a strategic depth of transformation and upgrading on the basis of grasping the difference in demand.

From a global perspective, large and multi-level domestic market demand is an incomparable advantage of China's manufacturing industry. The characteristics of its refinement can be summarized as: large scale, great potential, and differentiation. The scale of demand and the potential are high, stemming from the rapid urbanization and the rapidly expanding middle class. In 2014, China's per capita GDP was 7,75,5 US dollars, and it has entered the list of middle-income countries. Some studies predict that in the next 78 years, the number of middle-class families in China will grow at a rate of 15% per year, and their annual growth rate of consumption capacity will exceed 21%. The increase in middle- and high-income people provides a total amount of space for consumer demand.

In addition, at present, China's urban population accounts for about 55% of the total population, which is still significantly lower than other countries with similar development levels. The promotion of urbanization will undoubtedly greatly promote a new wave of consumption upgrade. Second, the evolving nature of the development determines that the total expansion and structural upgrading of the Chinese consumer market will continue. As a country with vast territory, large differences in urban and rural areas and regions, we are different from small economies with homogeneous economies and a single consumption structure.

In addition to the daily consumption field, the equipment manufacturing industry demand for enterprises also has the above characteristics. At present, China's manufacturing system has formed a large scale, complete system, and diverse levels. The modern industrial system can be divided into 39 industrial categories and 525 subcategories. China's manufacturing industry covers almost all categories. At present, China's manufacturing industry ranks first in the world, accounting for about 20% of the global manufacturing industry. At the same time, although China's manufacturing industry is generally in the process of industrialization, the level of various fields is uneven, and the hierarchical structure is very different. The analogy of an image is that China's manufacturing industry has just completed mechanization, is automating, and looks at information in the eyes and hears intelligence in the ears. Strong and differentiated, such market demand will provide good expectations for the transformation and upgrading of China's manufacturing industry. Those Chinese companies that are naturally familiar with the local market will gradually release the wave of demand and seize the upgrading advantage of the manufacturing industry.
First of all, the huge market in all fields of China will provide the necessary scale threshold for the cultivation of new technologies. New developments and new applications in any technical field cannot be scaled without a certain amount of user base. The large amount of investment required for the industrialization of technology cannot be recovered. Enterprises will hesitate to research and commercialize new technologies. . The so-called small fish in the small pool can not raise big fish, this is the truth. The huge market potential of China's manufacturing industry can provide an industrial market for any valuable new technology, accommodating various technologies and product innovations.

Second, demand differentiation will provide a diverse use scenario that can be used to test different technology products and upgrade paths. Take the discussion on the upgrading path of China's manufacturing industry this year as an example: one idea is that we should start from the production side and learn from the German Industry 4.0 idea, integrate industrial Internet, cloud computing, robotics and other technologies, and reconstruct products from design to use. The whole process, through the deep integration of manufacturing and information industry, promotes the transformation to intelligent manufacturing; the other idea is to advance from the consumer side to the production side, that is, to take advantage of the highly developed advantages of Chinese e-commerce to promote the mobile Internet and the cloud. Computing, big data, and the Internet of Things are combined with modern manufacturing and take the path of “Internet +”. In my opinion, the demand in China's market is large and the difference is obvious. No matter which path can find the environmental soil for experiment and application. (Text / Zhu Hengyuan Tsinghua University Global Industry 4.5 Research Institute)

Graphite Powder soft, dark gray; greasy feeling, can contaminate the paper. Hardness of 1 to 2, along the vertical direction with the increase in the hardness of the hardness can be increased to 3 to 5. Specific gravity of 1.9 to 2.3. In the isolated oxygen conditions, the melting point of more than 3000 ℃, is one of the most resistant minerals. At room temperature, the chemical properties of Graphite powder is relatively stable, insoluble in water, dilute acid, dilute alkali and organic solvents; materials with high temperature conductive properties, do refractory materials, conductive materials, wear-resistant lubricating materials.


Graphite powder is widely used, according to its different use, we can be divided into the following categories of graphite powder


1. Scale graphite powder

Flake Graphite powder is the most widely used, but also processed into other graphite powder of the original material, scaly graphite powder specifications from 32 to -12000 mesh range, scaly graphite powder toughness is good, with good thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance, can be used as refractory Materials, wear-resistant lubricating materials, conductive materials, casting, Fansha, die and high temperature metallurgical materials

2. Colloidal Graphite powder

Colloidal graphite is formed by the average dispersion of graphite particles below 2u meters in an organic solvent. Colloidal graphite is a viscous suspension of black filaments. Colloidal graphite powder with high quality Natural Flake Graphite performance, in high temperature conditions with special oxidation resistance, self-lubricating and plasticity, at the same time with good conductivity, thermal conductivity and adhesion, mainly used in sealing, metallurgical stripping and other industries

3. Ultrafine graphite powder

Ultrafine graphite powder specifications are generally between 8000 mesh -10000 mesh, mainly used in powder metallurgy release agent, the production of graphite crucible, the battery anode and make conductive materials additives

4, Nano-Graphite Powder

Nano-graphite powder main specifications for the D30 50 100 400 nm, nano-graphite powder process is more complex, low production rate, so relatively high prices, mainly used in anti-corrosion coatings, lubricants additives, grease additives, precision graphite seal And other industries, in addition, nano-graphite powder in scientific research institutions also has a high application value

5, High Purity Graphite powder

Graphite Powder

 




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