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1. The bottom of the plow must be broken
Due to years of planting, using a rotary tiller and other machinery to turn the ground, a plow floor was formed under the plough layer of about 25 cm. The humus in the bottom layer of the plow is significantly reduced, the volume is large, the total porosity is small and the pores of the capillary are poor, resulting in poor soil permeability, poor water permeability, and difficulty in rooting. Due to the existence of the bottom layer of the plow, the various types of fertilizer applied are concentrated in the cultivated layer soil of about 20 cm, which makes the cultivated layer soil eutrophication. Also, because water is difficult to penetrate below the plow floor, and the capillary is easy to guide the groundwater to carry more minerals, it is easy to cause salinization.
Therefore, when changing the raft, you can use a machine with a depth of more than 25 cm to deep-turn, such as a plow, a trencher, a deep-turning machine, etc., to break the bottom of the plow and make the base fertilizer more evenly distributed. The soil permeability is good, which is conducive to the deep rooting of the roots. At the same time, it avoids a lot of fertilization and makes the soil surface eutrophication. When watering, it can carry more nutrients into the deep soil, on the other hand, it guides the roots to grow downward. Improve soil permeability.
2, do not rely too much on potash
According to the soil testing situation in recent years, the potassium content in the soil is gradually increasing, and the potassium content of some greenhouse soils has been seriously exceeded, which is very unfavorable for vegetable growth. Therefore, it is not appropriate to use potassium fertilizer for soils that have been found to have excessive potassium levels after testing.
Although potassium is beneficial to vegetable fruit, it does not mean that the more potassium, the faster the fruit, the higher the yield, but it will seriously reduce the yield. Excessive potassium fertilizer seriously affects the movement and absorption of trace elements in soil, such as calcium and magnesium ions. The soil type in most parts of our province is mainly calcareous. This type of soil is rich in calcium and magnesium ions, including groundwater. Therefore, there is no shortage of calcium and magnesium ions in the soil, but vegetables often suffer from calcium deficiency. Magnesium caused by bad head, yellow head, umbilical rot and so on. This shows that the excessive potassium ion in the soil has a great influence on calcium and magnesium. It is recommended that after the soil test is carried out, if the potassium fertilizer exceeds the standard, the potassium fertilizer should not be applied in large quantities. Instead, it is necessary to consider how to remove excess potassium fertilizer from the soil or activate it for root absorption and utilization.
3. Use soil conditioner carefully
In many vegetable growing areas, soil conditioners are selling very hot, of course, this is inseparable from the promotion of the business. The soil conditioner is mainly based on steel slag phosphate fertilizer, which is an alkaline fertilizer, which has a good improvement effect on acidified soil and can supplement elements such as calcium and magnesium. So, is it possible to use soil conditioners in all greenhouse soils?
the answer is negative. The data show that the soil pH suitable for vegetable growth is mostly between 6 and 7.5. If the pH is less than 6, it needs to be properly adjusted with alkaline fertilizer. Most of the province is a weakly alkaline calcareous soil, and soil acidification is generally not observed when growing vegetables. If you continue to use alkaline fertilizers such as steel slag and phosphate fertilizer, it will inevitably lead to soil alkalization. If the nitrogen fertilizer is used in an excessive amount in the alkaline soil, a large amount of ammonia gas is easily generated, causing gas damage.
4, ditch application, hole application of manure should be cautious
When the vegetables are changed, the best method of applying the base fertilizer is to use the whole shed and deepen it. However, there are still many places where there are ditch and hole application methods. The application of fertilizers in the ditch and acupoints has the advantages of nutrient concentration and long supply time, but the fertilization method should be noted.
The first is the location where the fertilizer is applied. The fertilizer applied to the ditch and the hole should be kept at a certain distance from the root system. Do not use the fertilizer directly under the root system, although the nutrient concentration is not conducive to the root system. Secondly, the fertilizer used for ditch application and hole application should be selected. Manure must be thoroughly cooked to avoid fermenting and burning roots in the soil; commercial organic fertilizers should choose a brand with excellent quality to avoid burning the trees.
Henan Daily Rural Edition
At present, it is the peak period for the replacement of spring vegetables. Compared with the summer vegetables, the winter vegetables have a short changeover time and a bad environment. Therefore, there are many problems after the change. Due to years of planting and large-scale fertilization, the soil eutrophication in the greenhouse is more serious, and some vegetable farmers purchase fertilizers and fertilization methods are not appropriate, resulting in changes in soil physical properties and adverse effects on vegetable growth. Here are some suggestions for the vegetable farmers.
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