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The wintering spinach cultivation area is large, which is the main cultivation pass of spinach. It is of great significance to meet the demand of leafy vegetables in the early spring market.
Spinach has strong cold tolerance, the growth temperature is 9-23 °C, the optimum temperature for growth is 15-20 °C, the seed can start germination at 4 °C, the germination temperature is 15-20 °C, the temperature rises, and the germination is slow. The plant can withstand low temperatures below O°C for a long period of time, and can be restored by freezing at a low temperature of -6 to 8 ° C. The roots are more resistant to low temperatures. At 0 °C, the root system began to move. In all parts of North China, the seedlings of 5-7 leaves could completely overwinter. Spinach is not resistant to high temperatures and is poorly grown above 25°C. Seeds or seedlings of spinach sprouting can quickly pass the vernalization stage at a temperature of 0 to 5 °C. Spinach is a long-day crop, which is suitable for vegetative growth of spinach with increasing temperature and longer sunshine, early convulsions, cool climate, and short sunshine.
First, prepare for before broadcasting
The wintering spinach has a long sowing period. After the simmering crops are smashed, 3000-4000 kilograms of decomposed round fertilizer is applied per acre, and the ploughing is done after deep ploughing. The wintering spinach has a longer growth period. If the base fertilizer is insufficient, the seedlings grow weak before winter, which is not conducive to safe wintering. After Hunchun returns to green, it is prone to pre-extraction due to insufficient fertilizer. It is advisable to use winter strong, cold-tolerant and high-yield varieties, and the amount of seed per acre is 4-5 kg.
Second, the full-term sowing
The sowing date is closely related to the ability of the seedlings to overwinter, the harvest time of the spring and the yield. Under normal circumstances, spinach has 5 to 7 leaves before winter to safely overwinter. Before winter, 2 to 3 leaves can also be wintered. It needs to be covered with organic fertilizer and has certain risks. Management should be strengthened before winter, especially if winter water is to be poured. The simmered spinach must have mastered the seedlings before winter.
Spinach seeds germinated slowly, in order to shorten the emergence period, can be soaked in warm water of 20 ~ 12 ° C for 12 hours one day before sowing, the seeds are taken out and slightly sown. Sowing can be spread or broadcast. After the sowing, cover the soil about 2 cm. When the soil moisture is poor, you can also draw a shallow ditch in the scorpion. After sowing the seeds, smash the surface and pour the water.
Third, the management before the winter
The management work before winter is to ensure the increase of emergence rate. Some winter spinach growth reaches 5-7 leaves. After the emergence of 1 to 2 true leaf stage, water should be properly watered to keep the soil moist; 3 to 4 true leaf stage can be controlled by water and cultivating, promote seedling root development, and thicken the leaves to facilitate safe wintering. If the spinach seedlings are dense, 2 to 3 true leaves during the seedlings once, the seedling distance is 5 cm, be careful not to leave too many seedlings, because the seedlings are too dense, the seedlings are weak, and early spring is easy to convulsion, severely reduce yield and quality. In this period, the seedlings can be topdressed according to the seedlings. If the seedlings are weak and small yellow leaves, they can be applied with 10 to 15 kg of ammonium sulfate per acre, and watered to promote seedling growth.
Aphids are an important cause of high spinach mortality in winter, because aphids suck spinach juice, reducing the growth potential of spinach and causing the spread of viral diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to spray drugs in time to prevent mites from harming before winter.
Fourth, the wintering management
From the stop growth of seedlings to the second year of greening growth for about 100 to 120 days, the focus of this period is to prevent cold damage and drought. The frozen water is poured once before freezing, in order to stabilize the temperature, maintain the soil moisture and ensure the seedlings are safe for winter. The frozen water can be poured in the end of November, and the amount of water is completely oozing down to the right amount after pouring the water. If the fertilization is insufficient, the diluted manure water can be applied in combination with the watering. In order to prevent cold cracking on the ground after pouring frozen water, it is possible to apply fine ring fertilizer before the soil is frozen in the morning to prevent cracking and protection. During the winter, the weather is warm and sunny. After the frost on the spinach is melted, the fresh urine is poured. The application of 1000-2000 kg per acre has obvious effect of increasing yield.
V. Return to Qingwang Long-term Management
After the thawed soil in Hunchun, the spinach began to grow green and poured back into Qingshui in time. The returning water is expensive in time, the water volume should be small and not large, but the saline-alkali spinach can be properly poured to prevent salt return. The temperature of the sandy loam soil rises quickly, and the returning green water can be poured early. Pay attention to the control of mites after returning to green. Spinach begins to enter a prosperous growth period, and should be supplied with sufficient fertilizer to produce high yields. In this period, the soil should be kept moist and not suitable for drought. Should pay close attention to topdressing and watering, promote leaf growth, delay convulsions, general nutrition growth, convulsions later. Apply 10-15 kg of urea per acre and water it accordingly. The fertilizer is abundant, and the spinach grows fast. When the height of the plant reaches 20 cm, it can be harvested according to market demand. Generally, the output per mu is between 2000 and 2500 kg.
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