Abstract In the first 11 months of this year, China's automobile production and sales totaled 1998.93 million and 19,600,100 units, an increase of 14.34% and 13.53% year-on-year. This has also driven the demand for automotive steel, which is the main raw material for automotive production. The forecast data provided by China Steel Association shows that...
In the first 11 months of this year, China's automobile production and sales totaled 1998.93 million and 1986.01 million, an increase of 14.34% and 13.53% year-on-year. This has also driven the demand for automotive steel, which is the main raw material for automotive production. According to the forecast data provided by China Steel Association, under the combined effects of automobile consumption growth and automobile reduction, by 2015, the total consumption of automotive steel will reach 62 million tons.
The automobile industry is China's major steel consumption industry, and its consumption ranks behind the construction and machinery industries. The data shows that in 2011, China's automotive steel consumption was 39 million tons, and in 2012 it reached about 44 million tons, of which steel used for vehicle manufacturing accounted for 75%.
At present, the development of light weight in the automotive industry is obvious, and the application of lightweight materials is popular. Lightweight materials fall into two categories: low-density lightweight materials such as aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys, titanium alloys, and carbon fiber reinforced plastics; and high-strength steels and advanced high-strength steels with good formability. Experts pointed out that compared with other materials, high-strength steel is the most economically viable material for achieving lightweight vehicles. Steel will remain the most important raw material for automobiles in China for a long time, and will be stable for 60% to 70% in the long term.
Throughout the international automotive steel market, the proportion of high-strength steel used in mainstream cars in developed countries is basically above 60%, the highest is over 80%, and the highest strength is 1500MPa. The new emission reduction standard set by Europe is to reduce the weight by 25% by 2020 based on the 2010 annual weight. By the end of the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan", China's automobile lightweight weight reduction target is based on the 2005 annual weight, and the weight loss is about 20%. To this end, by the end of the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan", the average proportion of high-strength steel for automobiles in China will reach 30%, and the number of advanced high-strength steel exceeding 980MPa will reach 500,000 tons or even higher.
In recent years, large domestic steel companies have carried out research and development of high-strength automotive steel, and strive to increase profit margins through high value-added products. At present, the advanced high-strength automotive steel products such as dual-phase steel, multi-phase steel and phase-change-induced plastic steel produced by domestic enterprises have been used in batches for domestic high-grade automobiles. Among them, 800MPa grade cold-rolled and galvanized automotive sheets have been realized in batches. Supply, 1200MPa, 1500MPa grade has been equipped with mass production capacity, rewriting the history of all famous brands of automotive steel relying on imports.
Baosteel is the largest manufacturer of automotive cold-rolled sheet in China, especially in the production of car panels. It has become one of the most internationally available manufacturers of automotive panels. Not long ago, Baosteel successfully rolled the world's thinnest ultra-high-strength steel for automobiles, with a thickness of only 0.5 mm, comparable to kraft paper and with a strength of 980 MPa. Since entering the cold-rolled automotive sheet production field in 2009, Shougang has made rapid progress in research and development and production. At present, it has formed a production capacity of 1 million tons, achieving full coverage and batch supply of steel grades below 800 MPa.
Although domestic steel companies have made gratifying progress in the automotive steel market, there are still shortcomings in the high-end field and transformation. Although the quantity of steel products required by the automotive industry can be basically guaranteed, the stability of the quality of high-end products is not high enough to fully meet the needs of the transformation and development of China's automobile industry. The car panels used in foreign brands are required to have the highest surface quality requirements, cold-rolled high-strength steel plates and galvanized high-strength plates, various gear steels and bearing steel parts are also required to be imported. At the same time, China's automotive steel production enterprises still have a large gap in the series of services such as early intervention, product joint research and development, and after-sales service. The ability to share profits and share risks with downstream users needs to be continuously improved. There are not many domestic manufacturers that carry out pre-intervention in automotive steel research and development, joint research and development of products, and establishment of information exchange platforms with automobile factories. The research on the customization requirements of small batches of individualized varieties in the downstream industry is insufficient, and the products are difficult to meet the needs of users.
At present, the automobile and steel industries are facing the opportunities and challenges of upgrading. It is necessary to build a good industrial development platform and promote the coordinated development of technology and other aspects. From the perspective of the industrial chain, the construction of the platform should be promoted from three levels: First, from the national level, it is necessary to establish a corresponding automotive steel R & D and application technology innovation system, including national key laboratories, engineering technology research centers, etc.; From the industry level, through the construction of automotive lightweight technology innovation strategic alliance, promote the joint technology research and development of upstream and downstream; Third, from the enterprise level, we must continuously explore the relevance and complementarity of upstream and downstream industries in the technical field, and strengthen the cultivation of innovative talents. Strengthen corporate technology exchanges.
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