Annual return of potassium fertilizer for straw returning to field

Mr. Yang from Baoji, Shaanxi asked: The fertilization amount recommended by the fertilization manual is mostly expressed by nutrients. How do you turn into the specific fertilizer application amount in the hands of farmers?

A: The conversion method is very simple. The fertilizer application amount is obtained by dividing the nutrient application amount by the fertilizer nutrient content; in turn, the nutrient application amount is obtained by multiplying the fertilizer application amount by the fertilizer nutrient content. If it is a compound fertilizer, it is necessary to calculate the amount of compound fertilizer based on the amount of phosphorus nutrient applied (the reason why the phosphate fertilizer is short because the nitrogen fertilizer has short effect and can be adjusted with topdressing) and the phosphorus content of the compound fertilizer, and then calculate how much nitrogen or potassium fertilizer is needed. . For example, a winter wheat base fertilizer program: 7 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 6 kg of phosphate fertilizer, and 3 kg of potassium fertilizer. How many kilograms should I apply for the existing "16-20-8" compound fertilizer? If the ratio of nutrient distribution does not match the recommended scheme, how to adjust it with urea (46% nitrogen fertilizer) and potassium chloride (K2O%)?

Solution: Calculate the application amount of compound fertilizer according to the recommended phosphorus application rate and phosphorus content of compound fertilizer, then the application amount of compound fertilizer = 6÷20%=30 kg. Continue to calculate: the nitrogen fertilizer applied when applying compound fertilizer = 30 × 16% = 4.8 kg; the potassium fertilizer applied when applying compound fertilizer = 30 × 8% = 2.4 kg. Then, the amount of urea to be applied = (7-4.8) ÷ 46% = 4.8 kg; the amount of potassium chloride to be applied = (3-2.4) ÷ 60% = 1 kg. Finally, the basic fertilizer application plan is obtained: 30 kg of compound fertilizer, 4.8 kg of urea and 1 kg of potassium chloride.

Ms. Xie from Shanxi Yuncheng asked: What should I do if the wheat is planted late because the front can not be vacated?

A: The late-sown wheat seedlings are weak, the rate of ear formation is low, and the growth period is shortened. It is recommended to apply 2000~4000 kilograms of fertilized organic fertilizer before planting, and increase the application of chemical fertilizers, especially phosphate fertilizer, to increase the amount of topdressing during the jointing stage, and to supplement the fertilizer with fertilizer; use the varieties with half-winter and high per plant rate to Kind to make up late; broadcast 2 days per night to increase the amount of planting 0.5~1 kg, to cover the night; fine land preparation, grab the time to broadcast early, increase the amount of sowing, to make up for the night.

Ms. Shao from Mishan, Heilongjiang asked: How does the corn roots return to the field?

Answer: After corn harvest, the average residual root per acre is about 50 kg. The average contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in roots are 0.63%, 0.24% and 0.1% respectively. If used reasonably, it can fertilize the soil and save fertilizer. The method of returning to the field is, in general, mechanically smashed into the soil; for thin soils with low organic matter content, high stubble (20~30 cm) can be used, and after the autumn harvest of corn or before spring sowing, the smashing machine is used. Directly smashing or using a rotary tiller to break the root hoe (several 5 cm), when the soil is suitable for ploughing, combined with the ploughing of the arable land, the root hoe will be buried into the soil. For the thin ground high, staying in the field, should apply urea 2~4 kg per acre to facilitate root rot and seedling growth.

Mr. Wu from Shangqiu, Henan asked: How does corn stalk return to the field? Will it not be applied after the return of the field?

Answer: Straw returning method: After manually removing the ear of corn, use the returning machine to smash the straw into a small section of no more than 10 cm, spread it evenly on the ground, and then use a disc harrow or a rotary tiller to cultivate. The straw is evenly distributed in the 0~10 cm soil layer, and the deep tillage is carried out before sowing to create conditions for sowing. Note that before entering the soil, an appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer (about 5 kg of urea per mu) should be added to adjust the straw C/N to accelerate the straw maturity. Otherwise, not only the straw is hard to rot, but also competes with the crop for nutrients and yellow seedlings. The average corn stover contains potassium (K2O) of 1.42%. If it is returned to 400 kg per mu, it is equivalent to applying 9.5 kg of potassium chloride. However, the potassium in the straw can only be released and used by the crop after being rotted. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out the straw returning to the field for many years, and apply the appropriate amount of potassium fertilizer in the first few years, but the application amount can be reduced year by year.

Ms. Gao from Chaoyang, Liaoning asked: Can corn and soybeans be fertilized at one time?

A: Generally, one-time fertilization is not advocated. It is feared that the application of nitrogen fertilizer will cause long-term and post-fertilization. But if there are mechanized sowing and fertilizing conditions. For corn, the high-nitrogen ternary compound fertilizer can be applied to the soil layer at different depths below the seed side at 40~60 kg per acre, about 1/4 in the shallow layer and 3/4 in the deep layer, so that the crop is in the Sufficient nutrients are available at the seedling stage and in the middle and late stages. If the fertilizer used is slow-release, and it is better to see if the crop has signs of de-fertilization in the middle and late stages. For soybeans, 30-40 kg of low-nitrogen or general-purpose (skinny) compound fertilizer can be applied to the soil layer of 10 cm or more in one time, of which shallow layer accounts for about 1/3, and deep layer accounts for about 2/ 3. If there are signs of deferration in the later stage, apply appropriate amount of urea or spray foliar fertilizer. Heilongjiang Farm has had successful experience in this.

(Senior Consultant of Sinofert, Professor of China Agricultural University Wang Xingren)
Farmers Daily
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