Garden plant classification and fertilization attention points

Improper fertilization of garden plants will not only achieve the expected results, but will also cause new damage. For example, excessive fertilization can increase the concentration of soil solution, and plants will have reverse osmosis; partial application of chemical fertilizers, especially partial application of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, may cause imbalance of plant nutrient ratio; when nitrogen fertilizer is applied, the temperature is too low and nitrogen elements are difficult to be transformed. It is forced to absorb ammonium nitrogen and cause ammonium poisoning; shallow application or application of urea and ammonium bicarbonate causes ammonia to volatilize and cause damage to plant stems and leaves; fertilization at high temperature is likely to damage plant roots due to high soil temperature. In order to improve the level of fertilization of garden plants, special attention should be paid to the following points in production links and technical measures.

Regulate the amount of fertilization

Both the base fertilizer and the top dressing should be properly sized to prevent excessive fertilization. Generally, the proportion of base fertilizer should account for about 60% of the total fertilization amount, and the phosphate fertilizer can be increased to 70% due to slow decomposition. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer and potash fertilizer should be about 40%. The application rate of high-quality farm compost and manure should not exceed 5000 kg per acre. The application rate of high-quality organic compound fertilizer should not exceed 100 kg per acre.

Add organic fertilizer

Organic fertilizer can not only improve the soil structure, but also slowly and slowly release the fertilizer effect, and also adjust the pH of the soil. In addition to the application of accumulated farmyard manure, the application of bio-organic fertilizer or refined active organic fertilizer should be strongly advocated. Organic fertilizer can supply a large number of elements and a variety of trace elements needed for plant growth, increase the content of organic matter, and improve the ability of soil to maintain fertilizer and water storage.

Fertilization depth and distance

Shallow fertilization or spreading of fertilizers on garden plants can easily turn the fertilizer into a volatilized gas, which affects both the fertilizer effect and the ammonia hazard. Therefore, when applying fertilizer, it is necessary to apply or apply the hole at a depth of at least 5 cm. Because the roots of garden plants are widely distributed, the nutrients and water are mainly absorbed by the roots. Therefore, the fertilization should be around the roots, not near the trunk, and keep the distance from the roots of the plants to more than 10 cm.

Suitable temperature and nitrogen fertilizer

Nitrogen fertilizers, especially urea and ammonium bicarbonate, are easily absorbed by plants only when converted to nitrate nitrogen, and the speed of conversion depends mainly on temperature conditions. Nitrifying bacteria activity will be inhibited when the temperature is below 15 °C. Therefore, in the summer, the application of nitrogen fertilizer should be carried out in the morning and evening. Too early or too late may affect the topdressing effect due to the temperature being too low or too high. Foliar application is recommended with a 1% urea solution at temperatures above 15 °C.

Skillful use of compound fertilizer

Traditional fertilization habits are often excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer. Phosphate fertilizer only pays attention to the benefits of the season. Potassium fertilizer application is seriously insufficient, and trace elements cannot be replenished in time. This will result in a large amount of fertilizer application, but the plant utilization rate is very low. When the temperature is too low or too high, fertilization will result in slow or strong volatility and waste. High-concentration, all-element compound fertilizer or bio-composite fertilizer has high water solubility, absorption rate and utilization rate, and can be suitable for drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation and foliar spraying, and the performance is stable.

Application of decomposed fertilizer

Organic fertilizer should be fully fermented and decomposed, and should not be fertilized with raw manure, and the concentration should be thin. For tanned organic fertilizer, try to use only the above liquid without dry matter. If unfertilized organic fertilizer dry matter is applied, it will ferment and heat in the soil, thereby damaging the root system and breeding pests and diseases. Fertilizer must be completely pulverized and mixed with organic decomposed manure, and should not be applied in blocks. Fertilization in urban garden green space should take into account that it does not affect environmental sanitation, and organic fertilizer that is not fully decomposed emits odor and should not be applied.

Climatic soil conditions at the time of fertilization

It is necessary to rationally fertilize according to weather changes. If the heavy rain in summer causes a large amount of nitrate nitrogen in the soil, the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer should be applied immediately after the rain. Applying chemical fertilizers during the wet season generally works well, while applying phosphate fertilizers during the dry season is better. In the year when the temperature is high, the first time for top dressing should be appropriate. It is necessary to fertilize according to the physical and chemical properties of the soil, mainly organic fertilizers and nitrogen fertilizers, and more phosphorus fertilizer should be applied in red soil, brick red soil and some erosive soils. Acidic soil can be applied with poorly soluble phosphate fertilizer, while phosphate fertilizer is not suitable for use in calcareous soil.

Fertilizing garden plant types

Rational fertilization should be carried out according to different types and different growth and development conditions of garden plants. For example, general plants should be based on nitrogen fertilizer, while legumes that can fix nitrogen should be based on phosphate fertilizer. Potassium fertilizer should be applied to garden plants that grow fast. For the weakly growing garden plants, it is important to apply the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer; for the garden plants that are overgrown, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be controlled or more potassium fertilizer should be applied.

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