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(1) Selection of good varieties: There are many types of green manure suitable for intercropping in mulberry fields. Generally, green manure in winter has purple vetch, medlar, yellow bud, fertile radish, broad bean, pea, arrow pea, etc.; summer green manure has tianjing, black pea, mung bean , pig kidney beans, croissants, etc. Different types of green manure crops have different biological characteristics and adaptability to the region. All localities should select green manure varieties suitable for local cultivation according to local conditions. For example, broad bean and Chinese milk vetch in winter green manure have strong moisture resistance and are suitable for cultivation in warm and humid areas. The scorpion is resistant to drought and sorghum, and is suitable for mountain planting. For example, in the summer and autumn green manure, Tianjing is resistant to salt, alkali, sorghum and moisture. It is suitable for planting in saline-alkali soil or infertile; pig kidney bean is resistant to sorghum and drought, and is suitable for planting in infertile mountains.
(2) Timely early sowing The sowing period of green manure crops should be flexibly controlled according to the climate, green manure types and mulberry tree growth. In the winter, the green manure, such as Chinese milk vetch, medlar, and yellow bud, are generally suitable for planting in September. At the latest, no more than the first ten days of October, the broad beans and peas should be sown around October. Summer green manure is best sown in the summer for about 10 days, and strive to emerge before the summer harvest. In this way, the post-harvest light conditions can be used to rapidly grow green manure crops and increase fresh grass yield. Green manure crops are generally better than late sowing in the range of suitable sowing.
(3) Appropriate dense broadcasting The appropriate dense broadcasting can increase the yield of green manure and fresh grass. The determination of the amount of seeding should be flexibly controlled according to the specific conditions. For example, the mulberry line width is wide, the green manure is larger, and the soil is thinner. The green manure crop has strong branching power and the soil fertility can be appropriately broadcasted. Generally, the amount of seed per acre of Ziyunying is 2-3kg, the bean is 10-15kg, the medlar is 3-4kg, and the shelled yellow bud is 4kg. Summer green manure, pig kidney beans 1.5-2kg per acre, mung bean 3.5-4kg, Tianjing 4kg, grass 樨lkg. In short, it is necessary to expand the area of ​​green manure as much as possible without affecting the growth of mulberry trees.
(4) Reasonable sowing methods There are two methods for intercropping between green gardens and intercropping. Manchu intercropping refers to the application of green manure between mulberry trees and plant gaps, generally used in sowing winter green manure; inter-row intercropping refers to sowing green manure crops between rows. This form can be used when planting winter green manure or summer green manure. The sowing method varies depending on the type of green manure, such as Chinese milk vetch, yellow bud, medlar, etc., or sowing or sowing, broad bean, mung bean, black bean, etc. should be on-demand or strip, the line spacing is about 25cm, and the hole spacing is about locm. The number of rows to be planted depends on the width of the mulberry line. In addition, some gramineous green manure can be mixed or intercropped with legume green manure, which can protect seedlings from wintering and increase yield, and better improve soil physical and chemical properties.
(V) Strengthening the management of fertilizer cultivation Different green manure crops have different yields, although the resistance to glutinous rice is different. The green manure seedling stage is more sensitive to the response of phosphate fertilizer. When the soil is deficient in phosphorus, the seedling growth is poor, which affects the yield of green manure. When planting, it is necessary to use calcium phosphate seed dressing, and it can also be planted together with soil and fertilizer, so that there is no phosphorus and no seed. Green manure in winter. After the spring, a small amount of manure and ammonium sulfate and other chemical fertilizers can be applied to promote the growth of green manure and achieve the goal of “changing small fertilizer for big fertilizerâ€. It is necessary to cover the garbage and other antifreeze before freezing. Summer green manure, in order to promote the growth of green manure and reduce the contradiction between green manure and mulberry, the topdressing should be applied 1-2 times.
(6) Timely harvesting and application Harvesting green manure at the right time can increase green manure yield and fertilizer efficiency. It is generally harvested during the full bloom or early pod stage, which not only has a large amount of fresh grass but also has high fertilizer efficiency. Different types of green manure, the harvesting period is also slightly different. The Chinese milk vetch and the medlar should be harvested from the early flowering stage to the full flowering stage. The yellow buds and peas should be in the flowering stage, the mung bean should be in the early flowering stage, and the phlegm should be harvested during the bud stage. The harvesting period is based on the principle of not hindering the growth of mulberry trees, and it is not appropriate to be too early or too late. Winter green manure is generally harvested in mid-to-late September, and summer green manure is harvested in July. The green manure should be applied reasonably after harvesting. After harvesting, the green manure should be spread on the field, so that some of the water is lost and then buried between rows or plants. When burying, do not get too close to the roots to avoid rooting due to green manure fermentation. According to the amount of green manure fresh grass 3 to 5% plus lime, to neutralize the organic acid produced during the decomposition process. It is also possible to apply a small amount of human excrement or chemical fertilizer to supplement nitrogen deficiency. Green manure should be buried in the depth of about 15cm, put green manure and cover the soil to be solid, not to make green man outcrop. When the weather is dry, timely watering keeps the soil moist to facilitate decomposition. For mulberry gardens with narrow spacing, when the green manure is not easy to bury, the green manure can be made into compost or grass pond mud and then applied to the soil.
Green manure is a good organic fertilizer. The cultivation of green manure in the mulberry garden not only improves the soil, improves fertility, promotes the growth of mulberry trees, increases the yield of mulberry leaves, but also maintains water and soil and inhibits weeds. The high-yield cultivation techniques of mulberry green manure are introduced as follows:
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