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First, the biological characteristics of honeysuckle
Honeysuckle is a perennial semi-evergreen vine of Lonicera japonica, also known as honeysuckle. Its vines can reach 8 to 9 meters in length and the stems are hollow. Single leaf opposite, ovate. Flowers are born in leaf axils, with total peduncle, corolla lip shape, upper lip 4 apex erect, lower lip reversal; flowers white when initially opened, then gradually become golden yellow, flowers of different flowering ages on the same vine The yellow and white are opposite each other, hence the name "Honeysuckle".
It has strong cold resistance and heat resistance, and it is also resistant to shade and has strong drought resistance. It is not strict with soil requirements and can grow on slightly acidic or alkaline soil. Therefore, it is widely distributed in China, from Jilin to Liaoning in the north, Shaanxi to the west, and Fujian to the south. It is distributed on hillsides and wasteland with an altitude of 200-1000 meters.
Second, the breeding technology of honeysuckle
1. Seed reproduction. From August to October, fully mature fruits are harvested from healthy and disease-free plants or shoots. After harvesting, the fruits are washed, and the peels and flesh are rinsed with water. After drying, the seeds are removed, and the obtained pure seeds are at 0-5 °C. The stratification is carried out at the temperature until March to April of the next year. Before sowing, the seeds are immersed in warm water of 25-35 ° C for 24 hours, then mixed with wet sand at room temperature for germination. When 30-40% of the seeds are ruptured, they can be sown. When the seedbed is planted, it is suitable to be 1.00 g per square meter.
2. Cutting propagation. The cutting method can effectively breed honeysuckle. Cuttings can be carried out in spring, summer and autumn, and the cutting season has the highest survival rate. When cutting, take 1 year old robust branches (or flowering branches) for cuttings, and leave 3 to 4 pairs of buds (or leaves) on each cuttings. Remove the lower leaves and insert them into the seedbed. NAA can also be used as a rooting agent to promote rooting of cuttings. After cutting, pay attention to the frequent spraying of water. After 2 to 3 weeks of insertion, rooting can be achieved. Spring seedlings can be transplanted in the autumn, and summer and autumn seedlings can be transplanted in the spring of the next year.
3. Beads are propagated. From June to October, use the bottom of the wet mud rich in nutrients, take the branches of the flowers in the current year, press them with the above-mentioned fat mud for 2 to 3 knots, cover them with some grass to moisturize, and after 2 to 3 months, you can An adventitious root is produced, and then the shoot is cut off 1 cm behind the knot of the adventitious root, and it is separated from the mother plant and grown independently, and then planted separately.
Third, the cultivation point of honeysuckle
1. Intercultivation, weeding and soil cultivation. After planting the seedlings or asexually propagated seedlings of honeysuckle, it is necessary to carry out cultivating and weeding in time in the annual growing season. When planting in cold winter areas, the soil should be combined with loose soil before the winter soil is frozen to prevent the roots from being frozen.
2. Fertilize and drain water. In the early spring or late autumn, the composted manure and the superphosphate are combined. When fertilizing, the method of annular fertilization can be adopted: that is, an annular groove is opened around the plant, and the soil is filled with the fertilizer after the fertilizer is applied. In addition, when flower bud differentiation is seen before flowering, foliar application of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate is applied. In places where conditions are met, it should be properly irrigated in the early spring or flowering season. If there is too much rain in the rainy season, it should be drained in time to prevent the accumulation of water or the rupture of young buds.
3. Plastic trimming. Honeysuckle has strong natural regeneration ability and many branches. Plastic pruning is conducive to the cultivation of strong trunk and main branches, so that its branches are erect, with good ventilation and light transmission, which is conducive to increasing yield and enhancing disease resistance. The plastic surgery is to cut the top tip when the plant is about 30 cm after planting, and the top edge is lifted to promote the side bud to sprout. In the side buds that were drawn, 4 to 5 thick branches were selected as the main branches, and the rest were cut. In the future, 6 to 7 pairs of buds will be retained on the primary branch of the main branch, and the top will be cut off; then 6 to 7 pairs of buds will be retained from the secondary side branches growing on the first side branch, and the top will be cut. After the above-mentioned step-by-step shaping, the honeysuckle plants can be erect, the branches are layered, and the ventilation and light transmission are good.
In addition to plastic surgery, plants must be adjusted in combination with winter and growing season pruning measures when growing honeysuckle. Winter shears cut off diseased branches, weak branches and dead branches after the annual frost to the freezing; the growing season pruning is to cut off the tops of the branches after flowering, prompting the flowering mother branches to pick up new branches early and open the second flower.
4. Pest control. The disease of honeysuckle mainly has honeysuckle brown spot disease, which damages the leaves and occurs in July and August. After the onset, the lesions on the leaves are round or limited by the veins, which are yellow-brown, with gray mildew on the back of the leaves. The effective control method is to remove diseased branches and diseased leaves in time, strengthen cultivation management, and increase the application of organic fertilizers to enhance disease resistance. In addition, spraying with Bordeaux mixture of 1:1.5:200 in the early stage of the disease can effectively prevent brown spot disease.
The main pests of honeysuckle are aphids and coffee tigers. The control of mites can be prevented and sprayed with 1000% 1500 times liquid of 40% dimethoate. The control of the coffee tiger beetle can be done by burning litter to remove the growth environment of its eggs; or by artificial release of natural enemies from July to August, the natural enemies of the coffee tiger beetle have red abdomen, the wasp and the swollen bee, suitable for release. The density is 1500 heads/ha, and the control effect is obvious; in addition, the sweet and sour venom (1 sugar: 5 vinegar: 4 water: 0.01 trichlorfon) can be used for trapping.
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