The fire brigade shoulders the heavy responsibility of fighting fires and rescues. This is a glorious mission entrusted by the Fire Protection Law of the People's Republic of China. In carrying out this glorious mission, it often encounters many dangerous situations, such as the explosion of chemical dangerous goods. , Leakage of flammable gas, poisonous gas diffusion, collapse of buildings, and even traffic accidents on the way to the police, sometimes causing firefighters’ casualties. In recent years, the number of accidents involving small-scale chemical companies and the dynamics of dangerous goods has increased year by year, and the handling has been complex and difficult. Coupled with the lack of special protective equipment for firefighting, the firefighters’ awareness of their own safety protection is not strong and the measures are not in place or commander’s misconduct. In the fighting and emergency rescue of troops, a number of firefighters suffered casualties. According to statistics, in the past five years, the average number of fire brigades across the country has accounted for more than 20 officers and men a year for heroic sacrifices for public or fire fighting. Therefore, on the one hand, it is shown that the fire fighting and rescue work carried out by the fire brigade is very dangerous, and on the other hand, the problems existing in the task of completing the fire-fighting rescue have been placed in front of the commanders at all levels and cannot be avoided. Major issues. How can we not only accomplish the task of extinguishing fires and rescues, but also avoid the occurrence of casualties of firefighters? I hereby make a few points of view to discuss with everyone. First, the firefighters in the fire prevention and rescue in the prevention of casualties Ancient saying: "All things pre-established, not pre-waste." Firefighters’ casualties in firefighting and rescue, except for special circumstances, can be avoided as long as they take active preventive measures. In order to effectively prevent firefighters from being injured or killed during firefighting and rescue, it is considered that the following preventive measures should be taken: First, the firefighters in the fire and rescue the cause of casualties Firefighters in the fire and rescue casualties, affected by various factors, sometimes difficult to avoid, but some can be avoided, but because there is no timely detection or take appropriate measures to avoid risks Can be avoided. Looking at the casualties of firefighters in the fire fighting and rescue operations in recent years, there are the following main reasons for detailed analysis: Stainless Steel Clamp,Stainless Steel Hose Clamp,Heavy Duty Hose Clamps,Adjustable Metal Ring Clamp Taizhou Fengye Metal Products Co., Ltd. , https://www.fyhandware.com
1. Intensify the study of professional knowledge and improve the ability to extinguish fires and rescues After entering the new century of “knowledge economyâ€, we are facing a new era in which high-tech, new materials, and new knowledge are continuously generated and widely used in various fields. Nowadays, urban construction progresses by leaps and bounds, high-rise buildings stand everywhere, petrochemical enterprises increase, underground buildings are widely used, and emerging industries emerge in large numbers. As a result, the frequency of fires and various disasters increases rapidly, the degree of danger increases, and the difficulty of disposal increases. Big. Faced with this new situation, commanders at all levels must have a clear understanding, must update their concepts, keep up with the situation, strengthen the study and research of professional knowledge, and constantly improve the command capability of fire fighting and rescue organizations to meet the needs of the development of the situation.
Junior-level commanders should focus on learning and studying the theory of fire tactics, fire-fighting technology and equipment, modern fire fighting, and the handling of common chemical disasters, as well as new and emerging situations. Through learning and research, it is possible to master tactical methods and fire fighting of various fires, and to master the performance, working principle, and operation methods of the equipped equipment, and in particular, the operating procedures and maintenance of firefighters' protective equipment. We must also study and study the handling of special circumstances encountered during firefighting and rescue, such as explosions that may occur, poisoning caused by the spread of toxic gases, collapse of buildings, and leakage of flammable gases, and improve the resilience of commanders on-site.
Combatants should learn and master the necessary professional knowledge, such as general fire fighting methods, firefighting and rescue combat operations, and the performance and operation of the equipment and equipment of the vehicle, especially the use and maintenance of firefighters' protective equipment. In response to emergencies in disaster accidents. By learning to improve their own quality and master certain professional knowledge, they can be more scientific in firefighting and rescue, reduce blindness, and thus effectively avoid casualties.
2. Strengthen the application of training to improve the quality of final integration and resilience Training is an effective way to improve the quality of officers and soldiers and the ability to adapt. Only through rigorous and practical techniques of multi-form, multi-content, multi-subject, multi-combination technology and tactical training can we fundamentally improve our officers' ability to handle various fires and complex disaster accidents.
First of all, training should start from actual combat needs, what needs to be extinguished, and what to train. It is necessary to update the concept, establish a scientific training concept, organically combine playground training and live drills, highlight base training, combine organic individual training with combat class (team) training, highlight combination training, and apply skills training and applications. The organic combination of sexual training should highlight applied training. No matter what the training is, it should be close to actual combat, such as how to carry out reconnaissance in firefighting and rescue, how to carry out the demolition, how to choose methods and ways to save people, how to set up positions of water guns, how to observe whether buildings collapse, and how to avoid explosions or poisoning, etc. Training continues to improve the final quality of officers and soldiers and on-site resilience.
Second, training should start from the equipment, what equipment, training what to practice. The most effective combination of man and weaponry produces combat power. In recent years, new equipment, new equipment, and new technologies have made extensive use of firefighting troops, which is undoubtedly of great importance to improving fire fighting and rescue operations. For newly equipped equipment, equipment, and technology, it is necessary to carefully study, actively digest, compile and administer laws, and organize training so that the combat personnel can master their performances skillfully, and they will be able to operate and use them, so that new equipment and new equipment will form combat effectiveness as soon as possible. Purchased a large amount of new equipment and equipment with high technological content. In order to enable these equipments to rapidly form a fighting force, dozens of types of exercises should be prepared in time, and the training of troops should be organized to greatly increase the combat capabilities of the troops. In many dangerous situations, the firefighters' injuries and deaths can be effectively avoided.
Again, training should be innovative, take multiple forms, and use various venues. According to the different situations of participants, individual or combination training with different contents and different subjects should be conducted. Through training to improve the final quality of officers and soldiers and the ability to respond to complex situations, the task of extinguishing fires and rescues can be accomplished satisfactorily.
3. Strengthen the construction of firefighters' protective equipment and increase their ability to withstand dangerous situations. Protective equipment is the necessary equipment for firefighters to carry out dangerous operations in firefighting and rescue to protect their own safety. It is the ability of the troops to improve fire fighting and rescue operations, and the modern conditions In the case of complex fires and chemical disasters and important weapons against dangerous situations, leaders at all levels must have sufficient understanding of this and must strengthen construction. The first is to invest the necessary funds to purchase necessary firefighter protective equipment, such as air respirator, fire insulation clothing, chemical protective clothing, fire escape clothing, self-rescue alarm, and various fire gloves. The second requirement is that the officers and men participating in the war will skillfully operate protective equipment for firefighters, and they can use them freely regardless of their circumstances. These equipments will play an important role in protecting the firefighters' own safety. Third, we must meticulously maintain the firefighters' protective equipment. After each use, they must be wiped and maintained according to the regulations so that problems can be found and problems can be eliminated in a timely manner.
The practice of firefighting and rescue has proved that the firefighters' personal protective equipment must be equipped, but daily careful maintenance is more important. Therefore, it must be serious, careful and comprehensive when it comes to maintenance. It must not be sloppy, otherwise it will endanger the safety of users. If a city fire brigade is fighting a cold storage fire, several officers and men are eager to extinguish the fire. If they do not carefully check the state of the air respirator, they will wear it into the cold smoke to check the fire. Due to the lack of pressure in the air receiver cylinders, they felt difficulty in breathing within a few minutes after entering the cold room. As a result, several officers and soldiers suffered casualties due to a great deal of oxygen deficiency.
4. Strengthen fire and rescue safety knowledge education and enhance safety awareness Firefighters have suffered casualties during firefighting and rescue. In many cases, due to the weak safety awareness of officers and soldiers in the war. If there is a flammable liquid or vapour or a flammable gas leaked on the scene of an accident, the open flame will be extinguished without closing the valve, causing secondary explosions to cause casualties; when handling flammable and explosive sites, accidents will be detected without testing. Injuries and injuries occurred on the spot; without knowing the structure of the building, the position of the water rifle was improperly set or the offensive route was improperly selected. The collapse of the building caused casualties; in the absence of security protection, firefighters entered the smoke, toxic or anoxic Environmental fire fighting and rescue operations have caused poisoning, suffocation and other casualties. Therefore, it is necessary to educate the fire officers and soldiers about the safety knowledge of firefighting and rescue and enhance their safety awareness.
The main content of fire safety knowledge education:
(1) How to dispose of flammable liquids, vapors, toxic gases, flammable gases, and flammable gases, precautions, and safety requirements;
(2) How to observe the signs before the collapse of the building, what should be taken into account in the event of a fire or toxic gas diffusion, and how to enter the boring ceiling and action requirements within the boring ceiling;
(3) Requirements for fire-fighting and rescue operations under charged conditions, and precautions;
(4) Personal safety protection requirements and precautions before entering a hazardous environment;
(5) Safety requirements for on-site vigilance and traffic control during firefighting and rescue; safety requirements for on-the-road and on-going journeys.
Fire and rescue safety knowledge education can take various forms, such as teaching time, drill time, war evaluation summaries, familiarity with key units, fire fighting and rescue operations, etc., can be carried out in order to enhance the security awareness of officers and soldiers to avoid casualties. Goal 5: Do not be alarmed in case of complications. It is necessary to calmly and scientifically handle fire extinguishing. Rescue often encounters unpredictable and complicated situations. Commanders lacking professional knowledge and fire-fighting and rescue practices often show psychological panic and are at a loss. The experienced commander showed calm and confidence. For example, at 10:53 pm on April 10, 1999, a tanker loaded with 11 tons of liquefied gas was overturned, and about 5 tons of liquefied gas had leaked and accumulated on the ground as frost and formed a large area of ​​waist-like high mist. One hundred meters away, you can hear the sound of "whistling," and the disaster may erupt at any time. The firefighting detachment commander of Nanping City, Fujian Province, faced this situation and calmly and calmly disposed. First of all, they used explosion-proof flashlights to lightly search for a total of three leaks; then they quickly blocked two leaks with wooden blocks without metal objects; there was still a liquid gasket valve gasket damaged Leakage, what to do on the spot without accessories? In an emergency, the commander proposed replacing the sealing ring with a coin, which was proved by field experts. They quickly found a coin that was processed and placed into the valve. They successfully blocked all leaks in nearly five hours.
During firefighting and rescue, commanders must be calm and comprehensive when encountering complex situations such as fires in petrochemical enterprises, fires in high-rise buildings, group and group fires, large tank fires, flammable gas leaks, and disposal of toxic gases. Analyze and study the situation on the scene, especially the key issues such as the deployment of troops, the selection of major aspects of the fire, and the timing of fire extinguishing, make decisions and make good judgments, make correct judgments, and determine a scientific disposal plan. We must not be rash and panic; we must not panic; Indecisive, blind command. In the face of complicated situations, only calm and calm can effectively handle accidents, avoid misconduct and prevent accidents.
6. Pay attention to fire reconnaissance, be aware of it, and avoid blind combat as the commander, you must implement fire fighting and rescue command based on knowing yourself and knowing one another, as the ancient military strategist said: “Three situations (entry, love, and affection)å之 ä»— ä»— 。 ††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††††â€. In order to be aware of each other, it is necessary to carry out fire reconnaissance in an all-round, conscientious, and uninterrupted manner to obtain real, reliable, and up-to-date information in a timely manner. When fire reconnaissance is done:
(1) Select elite players to be led by cadres. During the reconnaissance, the situation of the firefighting and rescue operations and the spread of the disaster situation, such as the spread of fire, the main aspects of the fire, the battle offensive route, the position of the water gun position, and the fire water source, must be clearly observed and provide an accurate basis for decision-making;
(2) Use a variety of means to obtain accurate information. At the time of reconnaissance, in addition to using external observation, internal reconnaissance, and inquiring about the regular methods of insiders, the internal monitoring system of the building should be used to observe, and various reconnaissance, monitoring, and visiting instruments should be used for reconnaissance to obtain more accurate information and information. ;
(3) Send out multiple reconnaissance teams to master the overall situation. For particularly large firefighting and rescue scenes, more than a few reconnaissance teams should be selected to collect information from different aspects in order to grasp the overall situation;
(4) Reconnaissance of fires must be carried out throughout the fire fighting and rescue operations. The nearer the end of the battle, the more attention should be paid to observing changes in the scene to prevent accidents.
1. Inexperienced, blindly commanding and adopting measures to prevent fires and rescues are of a certain degree of danger. Commands performed by field commanders are based on objective conditions and tactical principles and methods, and they must strive to take the initiative to avoid passive forces so as to keep the force in a favorable position. Successful completion of the fire fighting and rescue mission. Regardless of the size of the commanders, as long as they reach the scene of the accident, they must take up the responsibility of organizing and directing. Good command can quickly rescue trapped people, put out fires, handle accidents, reduce disaster losses, and avoid casualties. The command is not good and the result is just the opposite.
Firefighting and rescue requires commanders at all levels not only to have courageous tenacity, fear of sacrifice, and continuous fearless dedication, but also to have professional knowledge and a certain amount of actual combat experience. If there is only brave spirit and lack of professional knowledge and actual combat experience, it will be easy to blindly command in the implementation of the command, and the firefighters’ casualties will be caused by improper measures. For example, at 23:50 on April 1, 1999, a major fire broke out in a city's 100 spinning, storage, and transportation companies. The fire brigade fired rapidly when the fire brigade arrived, and the main roof on both sides of the east and west sides collapsed. In order to prevent the spread of fire, the squadron commander led five fighters with two ladders to reach the 20-meter-long awning of the fire building and attacked the fire point from above. Suddenly, the awning and the brick column suddenly collapsed. About 15 tons of awning put the firemen under the fire. Five officers and soldiers immediately sacrificed and one soldier was seriously injured. Due to the lack of experience of the commander, he did not realize the danger of the collapse of the buildings in the fire. He placed water gun positions on the awnings, leaving five officers and soldiers (including myself) to give up their young lives.
The main reasons for the blind command of fire fighting and rescue:
(1) The commander lacks professional knowledge and practice of fire fighting and rescue, and he has numerous ideas in implementing the organization and commanding. I do not know what to do, and I should not do anything in a blind manner;
(2) The commander did not understand the situation on the site or judged the situation of the accident site incorrectly, and the decision-making and action plan made was not in line with the objective reality;
(3) The commander has a weak sense of safety. In the command, he only considers how to extinguish the fire. However, there are few observations and inconveniences about the insecurity factors at the scene of the accident. The unexpected situation is unprepared.
2. Poor personal protection equipment and poor awareness of protection Firefighters' protective equipment is personal equipment that firefighters must wear and wear in order to effectively protect their own ministries from harm during firefighting and rescue operations. In the firefighting and rescue fighting, with these equipments, the firefighters' personal safety is guaranteed; without these equipments, the firefighters' personal safety is insecure.
In recent years, firefighters have suffered casualties in firefighting and rescue because of insufficient equipment for personal protective equipment of firefighters in some units. For example, at 20:20 on January 9, 2000, a major fire broke out in a large hotel in a city, killing 12 people and injuring 16 people, including 5 fire fighters poisoning. Due to the lack of protective equipment, the officers and men had to use wet towels to cover their noses and mouths and fight bravely with the fiery demon. In the end, five soldiers were inhaled by a large amount of toxic gas poisoning shock.
The main reasons for the lack of protective equipment for firefighters:
(1) Some leaders lack awareness of the important role of firefighters' protective equipment in firefighting and rescue. They invest less and supplement slowly, and cannot be provided according to the relevant regulations of the country;
(2) The firefighters' protective equipment equipped is poorly managed and poorly maintained. They cannot be used in accordance with the operating procedures, and the damage is serious and man-made.
3. Blind adventure, lack of measures to avoid risks Each battle of fire fighting and rescue has potential dangers. Commanders should be good at reasonable risks. They can't just rely on luck and recklessness. Any combat operations must be based on courage and science.
In the battle of fire fighting and rescue, a reasonable risk is necessary, but emergency measures must be taken to prevent it from happening. If the commander knows that there is a danger on the spot and there are no emergency measures for avoiding danger, it is dangerous to report only by chance. On the evening of July 19, 2000, a fire broke out at a garment factory in Egypt and was extinguished after more than seven hours. The city’s fire chief and several members rushed to the scene to find the cause of the fire. At this time, the six-story garment factory suddenly collapsed and five members lost their lives. The captain and his deputy were all under the rubble and two fire engines were destroyed. It was alleged that the fire in the building had been unstable and the fire brigade was aware of this.
The main reasons for blind adventures:
(1) Lack of necessary knowledge of firefighting and rescue, and unaware of correct practices in conducting command or combat operations;
(2) Incomplete understanding of the scene of firefighting and rescue operations, and inaccurate information;
(3) The lack of continuous observation of the potential hazards at the scene of firefighting and rescue, or lack of awareness, or awareness but do not believe it is;
(4) In the absence or absence of firemen's protective equipment, and no emergency measures for hazards have been established, environmental operations that endanger the personal safety of firefighters are entered.
4. The fire is not reconnaissance, the scene is unknown whether it is fighting a fire or emergency rescue. After the commander arrives at the scene, the first task is to conduct fire reconnaissance, fully grasp the situation on the site, and then determine the disposal plan according to the site conditions and effectively extinguish the fire. Rescue. The seriousness of fire reconnaissance directly affects whether the reconnaissance situation is accurate, comprehensive, and reliable; it is related to the commander’s decision-making, combat plan, and the correctness of the combat deployment; it is related to the success or failure of firefighting and rescue fighting; and even to the firefighter’s Personal safety.
The practice of fire-fighting and rescue has proved that deploying a battle with unclear fire reconnaissance and unclear on-site conditions is extremely prone to accidents, resulting in casualties among firefighters. For example, at 14:30 on January 31, 2000, a fire broke out in the basement of a residential building in a city. After the fire brigade arrived at the scene, the fire was fierce and heavy smoke ignited in the fire. The fire fighting lasted for 10 minutes. A 300-litre petrol barrel exploded in the basement. One soldier died on the spot and two soldiers were burned. Another example is at 18 o'clock on February 13, 2001, a three-story residential building in a county town had a fire. After the fire brigade arrived at the scene, the building was covered in thick smoke and the fire could not be seen. However, someone inside the building was trapped. Squadron commanders quickly led the soldiers into the fire to rescue trapped people. When rushed to the 3rd floor, it was found that 2 people were stuffy and they found a wooden ladder to climb up the stuffy roof. Due to the large amount of smoke in the stuffy top, low visibility, and unfamiliar terrain, the team broke the ceiling and fell from the stuffy top to the second floor and fell into serious injuries.
The main reason for the lack of fire reconnaissance:
(1) There is a weak sense of fire reconnaissance, and it is believed that reconnaissance and reconnaissance have little to do with the success or failure of fire fighting and rescue operations.
(2) After arriving at the scene, he rescues people, and he is eager to extinguish fires. He is eager to start fighting without conducting fire reconnaissance, and he even forgets to carry out fire reconnaissance even when he is extinguished.
(3) Commanders with certain fire-fighting and rescue experience are paralyzed and think that they have experience in fire-fighting and rescue, and there is no need for fire reconnaissance; when they arrive at the scene, they are put into battle;
(4) The sending of monitor or soldier to carry out fire reconnaissance and the cadre's non-participation resulted in incomplete and incomplete reconnaissance of the fire and inaccurate reconnaissance.
5. Mind numbness, lack of awareness of dangers Fire, rescue and other dangers such as explosion, poisoning, corrosion, and collapse have always existed in the battle, and the commanders should have a high degree of vigilance. If the participating personnel are paralyzed and have insufficient understanding of the objective dangers, accidents may occur if there is slight negligence. For example, at 14:37 on October 26, 1998, a fire broke out in a commercial building in a city. The fire brigade quickly arrived and the fire was extinguished at 17:00. Most of the combatants evacuated, leaving only the squadron in the area to eliminate the residual fire. When the officers and soldiers were destroying the residual fire outside the building, they found that some merchants had to enter the scene to rush their own goods and they stopped. At this time, the three floors on the east side of the North Building suddenly collapsed and five soldiers were buried in the ruins. Three of the soldiers were killed on the spot and two soldiers were seriously injured. The lesson of blood tells us that the fighting of fire fighting and rescue is not over, and the commander’s string of safety cannot be relaxed. Especially at the end of the fighting, it is even more important to prevent accidents from happening.
The main reason for the emergence of mental paralysis:
(1) The lack of safety awareness and the lack of awareness of the objective hazards of fire fighting and rescue operations;
(2) For a long period of battle, the combatants are physically exhausted, exhausted, unconsciously relaxed their vigilance, and left their safety behind their heads;
(3) Fire fighting and rescue operations are drawing to a close, and the combatants are eager to end the battle. At this time, the safety awareness of the commanders and officers was weakened, and accidents rarely occurred.
(4) The lack of uninterrupted observation of the unsafe factors at the scene of firefighting and rescue and the countless number of dangerous situations.
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