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The type of gasket, as well as the operating pressure and operating temperature, directly impose requirements on the strength of the fastener material. For example, a flanged joint of a low-pressure, highly toxic medium pipe sealed with a wound gasket, although the operating pressure and temperature of the pipe is not high, the specific pressure required to form the initial seal of the wound gasket is greater. Fasteners are also required to withstand heavy loads. Therefore, high-strength alloy steels are required for the fasteners.
Alloy steel studs should be made of high-quality steel. That is, after the material number, the letter A should be added, such as 35CrMoA, 25CrMoVA.
According to different types of structure, bolts can be divided into two types of hex head bolts and stud bolts (also known as studs), and double stud bolts are divided into two kinds of wire and non-through wire.
Hexagon head bolts: often used with flat welding flanges and non-metallic gaskets for milder operating conditions. Hexagon head bolts commonly used material is BL3 or Q235B;
Stud bolts: often used with butt welded flanges under harsh operating conditions, in which, due to the lack of change in cross-sectional shape on the thread-type stud bolts, its load carrying capacity is strong. Non-thread-type stud bolts have relatively weak carrying capacity.
The nut material is usually determined according to the bolt material with which it is fitted, and these combinations are specified in the general standard. Under normal circumstances, the nut material should be slightly lower than the bolt material, and ensure that the nut hardness is about HB30 lower than the bolt hardness.
When selecting the fastener material for flange connection, factors such as piping operating pressure, operating temperature, media type and gasket type should be considered.