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How to start private investment in response to the international financial crisis after large-scale government investment "take the lead"? Whether the government's investment has caused "national advancement and retreat"... After one year of implementation of the "package" plan, this year's "guarantee growth" target has no suspense, and everyone has made new "breaking questions" and discussion on the future direction of China's economy. And gradually formed a consensus:
The comprehensive recovery of the Chinese economy in the future will more closely activate the internal dynamics of the market.
Revitalization by the market, and the vitality of SMEs will be an important factor.
SMEs have improved, China's economy has improved. SMEs have created a 68% share of China's imports and exports. Therefore, in this international financial crisis, SMEs have been the most affected. The growth rate of the industrial economy has suddenly braked, and the industrial added value has fallen sharply from 16% in June last year to 3.8% in January and February this year. Some large enterprises have been hit hard, and a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises are in trouble, and production and operation are facing unprecedented difficulties.
At present, there are more than 50 million small and medium-sized enterprises in China, accounting for 99.8% of the total number of enterprises, creating 60% of the total economic output, 53% of the fiscal revenue, and more than 82% of new product development..." SMEs in China's economic development "The small and medium-sized enterprises are an important force in China's national economic and social development, and its development is an important basis for maintaining a stable and rapid development of the national economy." A major strategic task related to people's livelihood and social stability."
Some people say that small and medium-sized enterprises are like vegetation. The wider the coverage and the deeper the roots, the better it is for a region or a country's economy to resist wind and rain erosion and reduce "water and soil loss." Therefore, experts believe that the recovery, stability and development of SMEs are crucial to China’s impact on the international financial crisis and the healthy development of the national economy. It can be said that without the fundamental improvement of small and medium-sized enterprises, the recovery will not be firm, and there will be no improvement in the Chinese economy. There will be no steady and rapid development of the national economy.
Especially in the aspect of "guaranteeing employment", SMEs also play an important role as "reservoir" and "stabilizer". Prof. Zhou Tianyong from the Central Party School analyzed that in the mid-1990s, state-owned enterprises employed 80 million people at most, and now they are less than 30 million. The private economy with SMEs as the main body has become the most widely used channel for employment in China, and the number of employed people accounts for 75% of the national employment. Only the textile industry shoulders the heavy responsibility of 20 million people.
Crossing the immediate crisis and intending to develop in the long run to help small and medium-sized enterprises tide over the difficulties. Over the past year, China has repeatedly lowered the loan interest rate of banking financial institutions, increased the export tax rebate rate for some commodities, implemented the value-added tax transformation, and cancelled more than 100 administrative Business charges, etc. It is worth mentioning that the special funds for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, the central government invested 3.9 billion yuan last year, this year added to 9.5 billion yuan, and really invested in "real gold and silver" to support small and medium enterprises.
More importantly, since the second half of this year, the state's favorable policies for small and medium-sized enterprises have been introduced frequently:
On August 19, six measures for supporting small and medium-sized enterprises were announced;
On September 29th, the State Council issued a number of opinions on the further development of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which were more detailed and more policy-intensive, and proposed 29 opinions on eight aspects of developing small and medium-sized enterprises. Many breakthroughs are more targeted and more operational.
On November 20th, Zhou Xiaochuan, the governor of the central bank, also clearly pointed out that it is necessary to maintain a certain deposit-loan spread to maintain the pressure and motivation of the financial system to serve the real economy.
On October 28th, the GEM, which is full of SMEs’ ​​financing dreams, opened its doors...
These policy measures have not only boosted the confidence of SMEs, eased operational difficulties, but also laid the foundation for the long-term development of SMEs:
The shortage of funds and the difficulty of financing are the common problems of SMEs. The data shows that at present, China's SME loans account for only about 10% of all financial institutions' loans; in Guangdong Province, where SMEs are developed, more than 95% of SMEs lack funds.
In this regard, the new measures of the "National 29" proposed to accelerate the construction of the GEM market, set up a multi-level SME loan guarantee fund and guarantee institutions, such as the central and local financial contributions and joint ventures, to further expand SME financing channels."
In terms of taxation policies, it also gives more and more practical support to SMEs. For example, the "micro-enterprises" received the "tax reduction package" for the first time, and the small-scale enterprise with an annual tax payable of 30,000 yuan or less in 2010. SMEs that levy income tax halved and cannot pay taxes on time may apply for extension of payment. If it is difficult to pay urban land use tax, it may apply according to regulations...
In the international financial crisis, small and medium-sized enterprises have difficulties in operating and have serious crises. They should find reasons from both inside and outside." Dong Yuping, director of the Investment and Financing Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, analyzed externally. The reasons are not enough to implement the relevant policies, and the burden on SMEs is heavy. The most urgent shortage of funds, difficulties in financing, and difficulties in lending have not been alleviated. The legal and legal environment needs further improvement. From the internal reasons, there are large gaps in the management, innovation, market innovation and anti-risk capabilities of many SMEs, and they need to be upgraded and upgraded.
"In the face of the financial crisis, Zhejiang SMEs have come up with '18 martial arts' to transform and upgrade." Zheng Yumin, director of the Zhejiang Provincial Administration of Industry and Commerce, concluded that the Zhejiang private economy characterized by export and processing is in the international financial crisis. The impact is also the biggest. Some small and medium-sized enterprises have never been transformed, they have to undergo transformation, they have to transform, and finally they have consciously transformed. Every enterprise has its own "transformation"--Summa Group has created a "new barrel theory": "The competitiveness of enterprises depends on In the shortest board, we will make the long board long and the short board to others." In 2008, the sales of the Senma Group reached 5.87 billion yuan, an increase of nearly 50%.
Zhang Yiping, director of the Beijing SME Service Center, said: "Since the international financial crisis broke out last year, Beijing's SMEs have suffered a certain impact, but they have been closed down. One major reason is that 73% of enterprises have passed the economic structure. Adjustments have transformed the modern service industry, and the ability to withstand the crisis has greatly increased."
Therefore, the majority of small and medium-sized enterprises still need to adapt to the situation, actively change their own operating methods, achieve sound and rapid development, and become the new engine of China's economic recovery.
In the face of the challenges of the international financial crisis, will large-scale government investment cause a situation of "national advancement and retreat"--